10 research outputs found
Generalization Bounds in the Presence of Outliers: a Median-of-Means Study
Get PDFIn contrast to the empirical mean, the Median-of-Means (MoM) is an estimator of the mean theta of a square integrable r.v. Z, around which accurate nonasymptotic confidence bounds can be built, even when Z does not exhibit a sub-Gaussian tail behavior. Thanks to the high confidence it achieves on heavy-tailed data, MoM has found various applications in machine learning, where it is used to design training procedures that are not sensitive to atypical observations. More recently, a new line of work is now trying to characterize and leverage MoM's ability to deal with corrupted data. In this context, the present work proposes a general study of MoM's concentration properties under the contamination regime, that provides a clear understanding of the impact of the outlier proportion and the number of blocks chosen. The analysis is extended to (multisample) U-statistics, i.e. averages over tuples of observations, that raise additional challenges due to the dependence induced. Finally, we show that the latter bounds can be used in a straightforward fashion to derive generalization guarantees for pairwise learning in a contaminated setting, and propose an algorithm to compute provably reliable decision functions
When OT meets MoM: Robust estimation of Wasserstein Distance
No full textOriginated from Optimal Transport, the Wasserstein distance has gained importance in Machine Learning due to its appealing geometrical properties and the increasing availability of efficient approximations. It owes its recent ubiquity in generative modelling and variational inference to its ability to cope with distributions having non overlapping support. In this work, we consider the problem of estimating the Wasserstein distance between two probability distributions when observations are polluted by outliers. To that end, we investigate how to leverage a Medians of Means (MoM) approach to provide robust estimates. Exploiting the dual Kantorovitch formulation of the Wasserstein distance, we introduce and discuss novel MoM-based robust estimators whose consistency is studied under a data contamination model and for which convergence rates are provided. Beyond computational issues, the choice of the partition size, i.e., the unique parameter of theses robust estimators, is investigated in numerical experiments. Furthermore, these MoM estimators make Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (WGAN) robust to outliers, as witnessed by an empirical study on two benchmarks CIFAR10 and Fashion MNIST
Acta Antiqua
No full text1958 / 1-2. sz. 1
K. MARÓT: Der Hexameter
I. VENEDIKOV: Sur la date et l'origine du trésor de Panagurišté
J. HARMATTA: Die parthischen Ostraka aus Dura-Europos
G. ALFÖLDY: Collegium-Organisationen in Intercisa
I. Han: K voproszü o szocialnüh osznovah uzurpacii Prokopijá
G. DÉVAI: The musical study of Koukouzeles in a 14th century manuscript
D. KIENAST: Cato der Censor. Seine Persönlichkeit und seine Zeit (E. Maróti)
A. BRIESSMANN: Tacitus und das flavische Geschichtsbild (I. Borzsák)
1958 / 3-4. sz. 253
F. TŐKEI: Les conditions de la propriété fonciere dans la Chine de l'époque Tcheou
P. MUSIOLEK: Themistokles und Athen
I. TRENCSÉNYI-WALDAPFEL: Cicéron et Lucrece
I. K. HORVÁTH: Impius Aeneas
J. FITZ: Herkunft und Ethnikum der Eravisker
T. NAGY: Das Mithras-Relief von Paks
G. ALFÖLDY: Augustalen- und Servirkörperschaften in Pannonien
E. M. STAERMAN: Krizisz rabovlagyelcseszkogo sztorija v zapadüh provincijah rimszkoj imperii (I. Han
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Worldwide: The PRIAS Study
No full textBackground: Overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are important side effects of screening for, and early detection of, prostate cancer (PCa). Active surveillance (AS) is of growing interest as an alternative to radical treatment of low-risk PCa. Objective: To update our experience in the largest worldwide prospective AS cohort. Design, setting, and participants: Eligible patients had clinical stage T1/T2 PCa, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 6 at repeat biopsy. Recommendation for treatment was triggered in case of PSA doubling time <3 yr or reclassification. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors for reclassification at repeat biopsy. Active therapy-free survival (ATFS) was assessed with a Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of clinical characteristics with active therapy over time. Results and limitations: In total, 2494 patients were included and followed for a median of 1.6 yr. One or more repeat biopsies were performed in 1480 men, of whom 415 men (28%) showed reclassification. Compliance with the first repeat biopsy was estimated to be 81%. During follow-up, 527 patients (21.1%) underwent active therapy. ATFS at 2 yr was 77.3%. The strongest predictors for reclassification and switching to deferred treatment were the number of positive cores (two cores compared with one core) and PSA density. The disease-specific survival rate was 100%. Follow-up was too short to draw definitive conclusions about the safety of AS. Conclusions: Our short-term data support AS as a feasible strategy to reduce overtreatment. Clinical characteristics and PSA kinetics during follow-up can be used for risk stratification. Strict monitoring is even more essential in men with high-risk features to enable timely recognition of potentially aggressive disease and offer curative intervention. Limitations of using surrogate end points and markers in AS should be recognized
Re: Accuracy of Ultrasound Diagnosis After Blunt Testicular Trauma, by J. G. Corrales, L. Corbel, B. Cipolla, F. Staerman, P. Darnault, F. Guttle and B. Lobel, J. Urol., 150: 1834–1836, 1993
No full text44 COMPARISON OF ONCOLOGIC OUTCOMES OBTAINED AFTER OPEN OR LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHROURETE-RECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF UPPER URINARY TRACT UROTHELIAL CELL CARCINOMAS (UUT-UCC): A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL STUDY
No full textPsychotherapy: A Missing Piece In The Puzzle Of Post Radical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction Rehabilitation [psicoterapia: Una Pieza Que Falta En El Puzle De La Rehabilitación De La Disfunción Eréctil Tras Prostatectomía Radical]
No full textObjectives To measure the impact of psychotherapy associated to the use of Tadalafil in the improvement of erectile function after radical prostatectomy. Methods From 132 patients surgically treated for prostate cancer, thirty sequential patients with bilateral nerve sparing, low risk controlled disease and post-surgery erectile dysfunction (ED) took Tadalafil 20 mg and underwent psychotherapy sessions, both weekly for three months. Patients were interviewed to establish the quality of erection using the instrument IIEF-5 and to measure psychological features impacting erectile function, aspects related to function, dysfunction, physical and emotional discomfort were evaluated with the help of an intensity scale. Results The average age was 62.5 (46 to 77 years), 96.7% had a stable relationship, 56.6% of the patients accepted the diagnosis and 43.2% exhibited defense mechanisms (3.3% negation, 6.6% revulsion, 33.3% concern). A positive correlation was observed between erectile function and time exposed to treatment (IIEF-5 - 9.7 to 13.3, p = 0.0006), with increased satisfaction with life in general (2.1 to 2.7, P =.028) and sexual life (3.1 to 3.7, P =.028), added to facilitation of expressing feelings/emotions (1.8 to 3.0, P =.0008). Satisfaction with relationship and intimacy with partner did not present significant improve (P =.12 and P =.61, respectively). Conclusions A holistic patient care with more complete ED rehabilitation includes psychotherapy with a positive correlation between erectile function and treatment exposition. Psychotherapy allowed the identification of important spouse related factors in this scenario. © 2013 AEU. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.386385390Ferlay, J., Shin, H.R., Bray, F., Forman, D., Mathers, C., Parkin, D.M., Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN (2008) Int J Cancer, 127, pp. 2893-2917http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Prostate [consultado 3 Ago 2011]Liatsikos, E.N., Assimakopoulos, K., Stolzenburg, J.U., Quality of life after radical prostatectomy (2008) Urol Int, 80, pp. 226-230Rosen, R.C., Cappelleri, J.C., Smith, M.D., Lipsky, J., Pena, B.M., Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction (1999) Int J Impot Res, 11, pp. 319-326Liberman, A., Estudo da qualidade de vida em pacientes com urgência hipertensiva (2001) Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, , PUC-Campinas CampinasConstitution of the World Health Organization (1952) World Health Organization Handbook of Basic Documents, pp. 3-20. , 5th ed. Palais des Nations GenevaTesta, M.A., Simonson, D.C., Assesment of quality-of-life outcomes (1996) N Engl J Med, 334 C, pp. 835-840Karakiewicz, P.I., Aprikian, A.G., Bazinet, M., Elhilali, M.M., Patient attitudes regarding treatment-related erectile dysfunction at time of early detection of prostate cancer (1997) Urology, 50, pp. 704-709Singer, P.A., Tasch, E.S., Stocking, C., Rubin, S., Siegler, M., Weichselbaum, R., Sex or survival: Trade-offs between quality and quantity of life (1991) J Clin Oncol, 9, pp. 328-334Bokhour, B.G., Clark, J.A., Inui, T.S., Silliman, R.A., Talcott, J.A., Sexuality after treatment for early prostate cancer: Exploring the meanings of «erectile dysfunction» (2001) J Gen Intern Med, 16, pp. 649-655Helgason, A.R., Adolfsson, J., Dickman, P., Fredrikson, M., Arver, S., Steineck, G., Waning sexual function - The most important disease-specific distress for patients with prostate cancer (1996) Br J Cancer, 73, pp. 1417-1421Schover, L.R., Fouladi, R.T., Warneke, C.L., Neese, L., Klein, E.A., Zippe, C., Defining sexual outcomes after treatment for localized prostate carcinoma (2002) Cancer, 95, pp. 1773-1785Potosky, A.L., Davis, W.W., Hoffman, R.M., Stanford, J.L., Stephenson, R.A., Penson, D.F., Five-year outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: The prostate cancer outcomes study (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst, 96, pp. 1358-1367Dubbelman, Y.D., Dohle, G.R., Schroder, F.H., Sexual function before and after radical retropubic prostatectomy: A systematic review of prognostic indicators for a successful outcome (2006) Eur Urol, 50, pp. 711-718. , discussion 8-20Levinson, A.W., Lavery, H.J., Ward, N.T., Su, L.M., Pavlovich, C.P., Is a return to baseline sexual function possible? An analysis of sexual function outcomes following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (2011) World J Urol, 29, pp. 29-34Litwin, M.S., Flanders, S.C., Pasta, D.J., Stoddard, M.L., Lubeck, D.P., Henning, J.M., Sexual function and bother after radical prostatectomy or radiation for prostate cancer: Multivariate quality-of-life analysis from CaPSURE. 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Clinical outcomes after salvage radiotherapy without androgen deprivation therapy in patients with persistently detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy: results from a national multicentre study
No full textInternational audienc
Guidelines for the rehabilitation of patients with prostatic cancer: a multidisciplinary consent
No full textBackground: Even though several specialist groups, including the German Pension Insurance ("Deutsche Rentenversicherung") and health insurance funds participate in the rehabilitation of patients with prostate carcinoma, there is no standardized rehabilitation program available for these patients. Consequently, there is no transparency regarding the services provided within the scope of rehabilitation for the referring physicians to uro-oncological rehabilitation, in particular for the physicians at the urological acute care clinics, nor for the patients concerned. Rehabilitation clinics are rather left to their own devices as to which services they provide in the treatment of the respective disease, in social situations, but also with regard to the consulting services offered.Problem: Development of a standard for the rehabilitation of patients with prostate carcinoma, taking into account both the specialist circles and the self-help groups relevant to this matter.Methods: For this reason, specialist groups, including self-help groups participating in the rehabilitation of patients with prostate cancer, have formed an expert group and developed the present standard. To this end, a thematic unsystematic literature review was carried out in advance to provide an evidence-based foundation.Results: Views were given in particular with regard to rehabilitation diagnostics, the therapy of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, sport and physical exercise therapy, psycho-oncology, social- and disease-related consulting. In this context, the focus was set on classification as well as on the consensus strength of the respective recommendations.Conclusion: All parties involved in the rehabilitation of prostate cancer patients as well as the patients themselves and the responsible cost bearers can now use the standard as an orientation guide.Hintergrund: Obwohl sich zahlreiche Fachgruppen als auch die Deutsche Rentenversicherung und die Krankenkassen an der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom beteiligen, existiert für diese Patienten kein standardisiertes Rehabilitationsprogramm. Daher ist es für die Zuweiser zur uro-onkologischen Rehabilitation, insbesondere die Ärzte in den urologischen Akutkliniken, aber auch für die Betroffenen selbst nicht transparent, welche Leistungen im Rahmen der Rehabilitation angeboten werden. Zurzeit ist es den Rehakliniken noch weitgehend selbst überlassen, welche Leistungen sie zur Behandlung welcher Beschwerden und sozialer Situationen sowie welche Beratungsangebote sie anbieten.Fragestellung: Entwicklung eines Standards für die Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom unter Einbeziehung der dafür relevanten Berufsgruppen als auch die Selbsthilfe.Methodik: Aus diesem Grund haben die an der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom beteiligten Fachgruppen unter Beteiligung der Selbsthilfe eine Expertengruppe gebildet und den hier vorliegenden Standard entwickelt. Als evidenzbasierte Grundlage dafür wurde im Vorfeld eine themenspezifische unsystematische Literaturanalyse durchgeführt.Ergebnisse: Stellung wurde dabei insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Rehadiagnostik, die Therapie der Harninkontinenz und der erektilen Dysfunktion, Sport und Bewegungstherapie, Psychoonkologie, Sozial- und krankheitsspezifische Beratung genommen. Dabei wurden eine Graduierung und eine Konsensusstärke der jeweiligen Empfehlungen konzertiert.Schlussfolgerung: Anhand des Standards können sich nun alle an der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom Beteiligten, als auch die Betroffenen selbst und die zuständigen Kostenträger orientieren
