4,564 research outputs found
Observing giant panda habitat and forage abundance from space
No full textGiant pandas are obligate bamboo grazers. The bamboos favoured by giant pandas are typical forest understorey plants. Therefore, the availability and abundance of understorey bamboo is a key factor in determining the quantity and quality of giant panda food resources. However, there is little or no information about the spatial distribution or abundance of bamboo underneath the forest canopy, due to the limitations of traditional ground survey and remote sensing classification techniques. In this regard, the development of methods that can predict the understorey bamboo spatial distribution and cover abundance is critical for an improved understanding of the habitat, foraging behaviour and distribution of giant pandas, as well as facilitating an optimal conservation strategy for this endangered species. The objectives of this study were to develop innovative methods in remote sensing and GIS for estimating the giant panda habitat and forage abundance, and to explain the altitudinal migration and the spatial distribution of giant pandas in the fragmented forest landscape. It was concluded that 1) the vegetation indices derived from winter (leaf-off) satellite images can be successfully used to predict the distribution of evergreen understorey bamboo in a deciduous-dominated forest, 2) winter is the optimal season for quantifying the coverage of evergreen understorey bamboo in a mixed temperate forest, regardless of the classification methods used, 3) a higher mapping accuracy for understorey bamboo in a coniferous-dominated forest can be achieved by using an integrated neural network and expert system algorithm, 4) the altitudinal migration patterns of sympatric giant pandas and golden takins are related to satellite-derived plant phenology (a surrogate of food quality) and bamboo abundance (a surrogate of food quantity), 5) the driving force behind the seasonal vertical migration of giant pandas is the occurrence of bamboo shoots and the temperature variation along an altitudinal gradient, 6) the satellite-derived forest patches occupied by giant pandas were significantly larger and more contiguous than patches where giant pandas were not recorded, indicating that giant pandas appear sensitive to patch size and isolation effects associated with forest fragmentation. Overall, the study has been shown the potential of satellite remote sensing to map giant panda habitat and forage (i.e., understorey bamboo) abundance. The results are important for understanding the foraging behaviour and the spatial distribution of giant pandas, as well as the evaluation and modelling of giant panda habitat in order to guide decision-making on giant panda conservation. <br/
Physics Performance Report for PANDA: Strong Interaction Studies with Antiprotons
No full textTo study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei, the universal PANDA detector will be built. Gluonic excitations, the physics of strange and charm quarks and nucleon structure studies will be performed with unprecedented accuracy thereby allowing high-precision tests of the strong interaction. The proposed PANDA detector is a state-of-the art internal target detector at the HESR at FAIR allowing the detection and identification of neutral and charged particles generated within the relevant angular and energy range. This report presents a summary of the physics accessible at PANDA and what performance can be expected
The WTP for property rights for the Giant Panda: can a charismatic species be an instrument for conservation of natural habitat?
No full textThe paper presents the results from a stated preference study to address issues concerning the potential for using flag-ship species, such as the Giant Panda, to purchase the property rights for the conservation of natural habitat. The study finds, first, that there is clear WTP for acquiring the property rights for panda habitat. The nature of this demand is found both convincing and logically coherent in that it is an increasing function of land
(at a diminishing rate). Secondly, the study decomposed the elicited values into genetic stock, animal welfare and implicit biodiversity values. The results show that the latter type of value consist of almost half of total value implying that the Panda is in fact a potential instrument for greater biodiversity conservation. Thirdly, the study shows that these implicit biodiversity values are dependent on the preservation of the flagship species itself, implying that the panda is not only a potential instrument for habitat conservation, but a necessary one. Finally, the extent to which the flagship approach can be capable of contributing to wider biodiversity conservation is discussed
Technical design report for the PANDA Barrel DIRC detector
No full textThe PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) experiment will be one of the four flagship experiments at the new international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. PANDA will address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using high-intensity cooled antiproton beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c and a design luminosity of up to 2 × 1032 cm-2 s-1. Excellent particle identification (PID) is crucial to the success of the PANDA physics program. Hadronic PID in the barrel region of the target spectrometer will be performed by a fast and compact Cherenkov counter using the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) technology. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 22° to 140° and will provide at least 3 standard deviations (s.d.) π/K separation up to 3.5GeV/c, matching the expected upper limit of the final state kaon momentum distribution from simulation. This documents describes the technical design and the expected performance of the PANDA Barrel DIRC detector. The design is based on the successful BaBar DIRC with several key improvements. The performance and system cost were optimized in detailed detector simulations and validated with full system prototypes using particle beams at GSI and CERN. The final design meets or exceeds the PID goal of clean π/K separation with at least 3 s.d. over the entire phase space of charged kaons in the Barrel DIRC. © 2019 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved
PanDA Pilot Submission using Condor-G: Experience and Improvements
No full textPanDA is the workload management system of the ATLAS experiment, used to run production and user analysis jobs on the grid. As a late-binding, pilot-based system, the maintenance of a smooth and steady stream of pilot jobs to all grid sites is critical for PanDA operation. The ATLAS Computing Facility (ACF) at BNL, as the ATLAS Tier 1 center in the US, operates the pilot submission systems for the US. This is done using the PanDA "AutoPilot" scheduler component which submits pilot jobs via Condor-G, a grid job scheduling system developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In this talk, we discuss the operation and performance of the Condor-G pilot submission at BNL, with emphasis on the challenges and issues encountered in the real grid production environment. With the close collaboration of Condor and PanDA teams, the scalability and stability of the overall system has been greatly improved over the last year. We review improvements made to Condor-G resulting from this collaboration, including isolation of site-based issues by running a separate Grid Manager for each remote site, introduction of the 'Nonessential' job attribute to allow Condor to optimize its behavior for the specific characteristics of pilot jobs, better understanding and handling of the Grid Monitor process, better scheduling in the PanDA pilot scheduler component, as well as bug fixes in Condor itself and underlying Globus libraries. We will also cover the monitoring of the health of the system, followed by plans for future improvements
PANDA Phase One: PANDA collaboration
No full textThe Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or P ¯ ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-perturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton–nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the Phase One setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper. © 2021, The Author(s)
PANDA: Practical Adversarial Attack Against Network Intrusion Detection
No full textWhile adversarial machine learning (AML) attacks have become prevalent in the computer vision (CV) domain, their applications in other domains, such as network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), remain limited. This gap stems from the lack of a well-defined input space in non-image domains, hindering the generation of adversarial examples. Unlike CV problems, where the input space is the feature space, other domains generally lack a precise inverse mapping from the feature space to the problem space. In this work, we propose PANDA, a novel approach that bridges this gap and enables AML attacks against NIDS. PANDA represents a series of packets as images for training a surrogate NIDS model. Benefiting from the invertibility of this representation, PANDA leverages well-evolved image-based AML attacks to generate adversarial examples against the surrogate model. It then repurposes the adversarial examples from the surrogate model to evade the target NIDS model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of PANDA by successfully crafting adversarial network intrusions with the UQ-IoT dataset. This work establishes a framework for transferring AML attacks from the CV domain to the network domain, opening new avenues for attack modelling and defence strategies in NIDS.No Full Tex
Information on diet use of captive red panda: preliminary results
No full textThe red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is an endangered species which requires actions for its protection and conservation both in the wild, through in-situ conservation projects (Bista, et al., 2017) and in captivity, through ex-situ conservation actions (Eriksson, Zidar, White, Westander, & Andersson, 2010).
The aim of this study was to assess the diets fed to captive red pandas throughout the year, and relate them to the animals’ activity and nutritional status, through the analysis of diet composition and digestibility. In addition, it aimed to compare diet digestibility with physical characteristics of faeces. These data are the preliminary results of a larger project that would like to include more zoos over a period of at least one year.
The trial took place at Pistoia Zoo (Italy) and involved a captive pair of adult red pandas hosted in an open-topped naturalistic enclosure. The subjects were video-recorded for eight consecutive days using five camera traps placed inside the enclosure. The pair’s faeces were photographed and classified utilizing a ranked score from 1 to 4 (FS 1 = diarrhea-like, FS 2 = soft, FS 3 = normal, FS 4 dry and firm) (Clark, Silva-Fletcher, Fox, Kreuzer, & Clauss, 2016) (Cabana & Tay, 2019), collected for 4 days and then frozen until analysis. The pair’s feed intake was estimated by difference between the feed given to the animals and the residuals left after 24 hours (Tovar et al., 2009), and feed samples were collected to be analyzed. Using positive reinforcement training technique the male panda was weighed and manually measured to assess its size. Feed samples and faeces were chemically analyzed to determine dry matter, protein and fiber and allow the calculation of digestibility
PANDA: PAN Cancer Data Analysis Web Tool
No full textCancer research faces challenges due to the genetic diversity within tumors and individual variability. Precision medicine aims to identify genomic and molecular factors linked to clinical outcomes, leveraging large datasets for drug discovery and patient stratification. We introduce PANDA (PAN-cancer Data Analysis web tool) (https://panda.bio.uniroma2.it), a web server designed for analyzing TCGA genomic data. A total of 32 tumor types and 10,711 samples were selected for this analysis. PANDA simplifies complex tasks such as differential expression, survival analysis, and patient stratification, incorporating clinical factors like sex, stage, and treatment history. It also enables the exploration of biological pathways and immune cell type proportion, providing insights into tumor progression. PANDA is user-friendly, designed for researchers with limited informatics expertise, and supports diverse analyses to advance cancer research
origin of the name panda
No full textnewly hypothesis of Panda
Panda was coined by G. Cuvier
reference to the Panda kingdom of Pandava(sons of Pandu)
and Pierre Medard Diard & Alfred Duvaucel2019年9月21日以降,2亜種が2種となった旨など一部追加記
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