1,720,981 research outputs found
Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing
Full text linkTwo important visual properties of paintings and painting-like images are the absence of texture details and the increased sharpness of edges as compared to photographic images. Painting-like artistic effects can be achieved from photographic images by filters that smooth out texture details, while preserving or enhancing edges and corners. However, not all edge preserving smoothers are suitable for this purpose. We present a simple nonlinear local operator that generalizes both the well known Kuwahara filter and the more general class of filters known in the literature as “criterion and value filter structure.” This class of operators suffers from intrinsic theoretical limitations which give rise to a dramatic instability in presence of noise, especially on shadowed areas. Such limitations are discussed in the paper and overcome by the proposed operator. A large variety of experimental results shows that the output of the proposed operator is visually similar to a painting. Comparisons with existing techniques on a large set of natural images highlight conditions on which traditional edge preserving smoothers fail, whereas our approach produces good results. In particular, unlike many other well established approaches, the proposed operator is robust to degradations of the input image such as blurring and noise contamination.
New Families of Fourier Eigenfunctions for Steerable Filtering
Full text linkA new diadic family of eigenfunctions of the 2-D Fourier transform has been discovered. Specifically, new wavelets are derived by steering the elongated Hermite–Gauss filters with respect to rotations, thus obtaining a natural generalization of the Laguerre–Gauss harmonics. Interestingly, these functions are also proportional to their 2-D Fourier transform. Their analytical expression is provided in a compact and treatable form, by means of a new ad hoc matrix notation in which the cases of even and odd orders of the Hermite polynomials are unified. Moreover, these functions can be efficiently implemented by means of a recursive formula that is derived in this paper. The proposed filters are applied to the problem of gradient estimation to improve the theoretical Canny tradeoff of position accuracy versus noise rejection that occurs in edge detection. Experimental results show considerable improvements in using the new wavelets over both isotropic Gaussian derivatives and other elongated steerable filters more recently introduced. Finally, being the proposed wavelets a set of Fourier eigenfunctions, they can be of interest in other fields of science, such as optics and quantum mechanics.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Edge and Corner Preserving Smoothing for Artistic Imaging
No full textWhat visually distinguishes a painting from a photograph is often the absence of texture and the sharp edges: in many paintings, edges are sharper than in photographic images while textured areas contain less detail. Such artistic effects can be achieved by filters that smooth textured areas while preserving, or enhancing, edges and corners. However, not all edge preserving smoothers are suitable for artistic imaging. This study presents a generalization of the well know Kuwahara filter aimed at obtaining an artistic effect. Theoretical limitations of the Kuwahara filter are discussed and solved by the new nonlinear operator proposed here. Experimental results show that the proposed operator produces painting-like output images and is robust to corruption of the input image such as blurring. Comparison with existing techniques shows situations where traditional edge preserving smoothers that are commonly used for artistic imaging fail while our approach produces good results.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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