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    Intraspecific morphological diversity of anostracan resting eggs: Chirocephalus ruffoi Cottarelli & Mura, 1984 as a study case

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    The extent of intraspecific morphological variability in the egg shells of anostracans, never previously assessed, was investigated in the 13 known Chirocephalus ruffoi populations, a species endemic to Italy. Twelve sampling sites were chosen in the Northern Apennines, with distances between neighbouring sampling sites ranging from a minimum of 23 m to a maximum of 63 km. Another site was located in the Calabrian Apennines at a distance between 643 and 703 km from the previous set of sampling points. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations of 300 cysts per population revealed the existence of great morphological diversity for most of the analysed populations. Up to 12 different morphotypes were described, with highly variable frequencies among the populations. Outer and inner cyst diameters and height of the "ridges" ornamenting cyst surface were calculated on a randomly selected sub-sample of 391 cysts. Statistically significant differences among populations were found for all the measured characters. No relationships between either occurrence of morphotypes or morphometric profiles and characteristics of sampling sites were found. In addition, the amount of morphological variability of the cysts did not seem to depend on the distances between sites. The results of this study are discussed in the light of the debate on the taxonomic value of the anostracan cyst ornamentation and the factors that can be invoked to explain the presence of high intraspecific morphological diversity

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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