1,721,292 research outputs found
Dispositivo ad etichetta per il controllo della catena del freddo nella conservazione di prodotti deperibili conservati a basse temperature (refrigerazione, congelazione, surgelazione)
No full text"Come aquila vola". Vilfredo Pareto, Machiavelli e i machiavellismi
No full textIl contributo prende dapprima in analisi le diverse fasi del confronto con le opere machiavelliane condotto da Vilfredo Pareto nell’arco di circa venti anni. Si mostra così come Machiavelli, presentato da principio soprattutto come irriverente autore della Mandragola, divenga con il Trattato di sociologia generale lo scienziato sociale che «come aquila vola sulla moltitudine degli storici etici» e il predecessore autorevole per tesi e snodi teorici fondamentali nel pensiero paretiano: separazione tra politica ed etica, fondamento antropologico della relazione di potere, opzione marcatamente conflittualistica, tipizzazione degli stili di governo (“volpi” e “leoni”). La rilettura degli scritti posteriori al Trattato mostra poi due ulteriori esiti di questa appropriazione del Fiorentino: da un lato, un realismo politico che, contrastando gli ideali di pace e democrazia proclamati dalle potenze vittoriose nella guerra mondiale, sa mostrarsi comunque attento a una futura limitazione del conflitto tra nazioni, dall’altro, con l’ascesa del fascismo, la declinazione del principio oligarchico a sostegno di un Mussolini identificato come possibile incarnazione del Principe nuovo.
Successivamente, l’attenzione si sposta sulle voci più significative del dibattito novecentesco intorno alla presenza di Machiavelli nel pensiero paretiano. Sono in tal modo individuate due opposte posizioni: la sostanziale liquidazione di Pareto come teorico di un totalitarismo spietato che si vorrebbe già espresso in nuce nel Principe e nei Discorsi e la lettura, oggi largamente prevalente, di chi invece ascrive il sociologo a un machiavellismo fatto matrice del liberalismo occidentale. Se il primo punto di vista trovava spiegazione principalmente nell’opposizione politica e ideologica ai fascismi, il secondo non rende conto dell’insistenza con cui l’autore del Trattato ha ribadito il proprio elitismo e, per di più, sottintende l’antistorico ritratto di un Machiavelli che anticiperebbe le concezioni di libertà e di democrazia così come sono oggi comunemente intese.
The first section of the contribution analyzes the different phases of the twenty years long confrontation of Vilfredo Pareto with Machiavelli's works. It shows that Machiavelli, at the beginning presented above all as the irreverent author of the "Mandragola", in the "Treatise on General Sociology General" appears as the social scientist who «like eagle flies over the multitude of ethical historians» and the authoritative predecessor for theses and theoretical articulations that are fundamental in Paretian thought: the separation between politics and ethics, the anthropological foundation of power relations, the pronounced conflictualism, the typification of styles of governance ("foxes" and "lions"). Then, through the rereading of the writings following the "Treatise", the contribution highlights two further outcomes of the Paretian appropriation of Machiavelli: on the one hand, a vision inspired by political realism, which stands against the ideals of peace and democracy proclaimed by the victorious powers in the World War, though attentive to future limitations of the conflicts between nations, on the other hand, after the rise of Italian fascism, on the other hand, with the rise of fascism, the declination of the oligarchic principle in support of Mussolini (identified as a possible incarnation of the new Prince).
The final section is focused on the most significant opinions in the twentieth-century debate on the presence of Machiavelli in Paretian thought. Two opposing positions are thus identified: 1. the substantial liquidation of Pareto as a theorist of a ruthless totalitarianism that would already be expressed in nuce in the "Prince" and in the "Discourses"; 2, the now largely prevalent reading which ascribes Pareto to a Machiavellism which is conceived as a fundamental aspect of the Western liberalism. While the first point of view ban be explained mainly by the political and ideological opposition to fascism, the second one does not take into account the insistence with which the author of the "Treatise" reaffirmed his elitism and, moreover, implies the anti-historical portrait of Machiavelli as a thinker who would anticipate the concepts of freedom and democracy as they are commonly understood in our times
L'oggettività nelle scienze naturali: Rickert, Cassirer, Husserl
No full textMoving from Rickert’s analysis on epistemology of natural sciences, it is shown that Cassirer and Husserl provide fundamental instruments useful to solve some open problems in philosophy of values. Indeed the Marburger philosopher recognized the role of mathematics in avoiding the impoverishment of abstract concepts. On the other side the founder of phenomenology emphasized the importance of the intuitive roots of theoretical terms – employed by natural sciences – in the formulation of a reasonable scientific realism thesis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Luminescence from b-FeSi2 precipitates in Si. II; Origin and nature of the Photoluminescence
No full textIn this paper we present photoluminescence, photoreflectance, and absorbance measurements on silicon
samples with b-FeSi2 precipitates, as structurally characterized in the first part of this paper @M. G. Grimaldi
et al., Phys. Rev. B 66, 085319 (2002). By comparing the photoluminescence measurements in different
experimental conditions and with excitation energy above and below the silicon threshold, by considering the
direct gap estimations by photoreflectance and absorption, we argue that the 1.54 mm photoluminescence peak
in the spectra is produced by an indirect transition in the disc-shaped precipitates. However, the latter ones are
predicted to be the most efficient configuration, acting as a trapping well for carriers generated in the silicon
matrix, and displaying a high structural quality with no dangling bonds at the b-FeSi2 /Si interface. Our simple
model, based on band lineup at the interface, is also able to explain the temperature quenching of the photoluminescence
peak
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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