1,720,954 research outputs found
The effects of lentiviral vector mediated gdnf transmission on pathophysiological processes following spinal cord injury
No full textNörotrofik faktörler, merkezi sinir sistemi hasarlarından sonra artış göstererek nöronların canlı kalmasına ve iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunan endojenöz proteinlerdir. Diğer özelliklerinin yanı sıra, nörotrofik faktörlerin sinir sistemi üzerindeki en etkin görevlerinden biri de nörojenez, aksonların yeniden sinaps yapması, olayına etki göstermeleridir. Glial Türevli Nörotrofik Faktör (GDNF) ailesinin üyesi olan GDNF molekülü, ailenin diğer üyelerinden (neurturin, artemin ve persephin) yapısal olarak farklılık gösterir. GDNF molekülü Reseptör Tirozin Protein Kinaz (RET) yokluğunda da diğer üyelerden farklı olarak GFR?1 reseptörü ile birlikte sinyal oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Bu özellik sayesinde GDNF molekülü RET'den bağımsız olarak da sinyal oluşturmaya devam ederek motor nöronların canlılığını desteklemesinin yanında sempatik ve parasempatik nöronlarda ise büyümeyi düzenlemektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, özellikle omurilik hasarı sonrasında, GDNF molekülünün akson rejenerasyonu üzerinde pozitif etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bütün bu özellikler ve elde edilen veriler ışığında GDNF molekülünün omurilik hasarı ve diğer nörodejeneratif rahatsızlıklarda terapötik bir ajan olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu tezde, GDNF molekülünün lentiviral yöntemlerle dokuda ifadesinin arttırılmasının, omurilik hasarı üzerinde uzun dönem etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, travmatik omurilik hasarını taklit eden bir model olan yarı kesi hasar modeli kullanılmıştır. Deneylerde 8-10 haftalık Balb/c farelere Torakal 9 (T9) ve Lumbal 2 (L2) seviyelerinden virüs enjeksiyonu yapılmasının ardından T12 seviyesinde omurilik hasarı oluşturulmuştur. Hasar sonrasında farelerin fonksiyonel iyileşmeyi ölçen testler ile, hücresel sağ kalımı ve oluşan atrofi miktarlarını gösteren analizler yapılmıştır. Bunların sonucunda, GDNF molekülünün özellikle hasar sonrasında, uzun dönemde motor koordinasyonu düzenleyip fonksiyonel iyileşmesini arttırdığı gibi hücresel sağ kalımda da etkili olduğunu destekleyen bulgulara ulaşılmıştır.Neurotrophic factors are endogenous proteins that contribute to help neuronal survival and functional recovery processes after brain and spinal cord injuries. Among all the other substantial roles of neurotrophic factors, the most prominent one is to affect the neurogenesis. Glial Cell Line- Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFL) consist of four neurotrophic factors, including neurturin, artemin, persephin and GDNF. Herein, GDNF molecule vary from the other members structurally by having a Receptor Tyrosine Protein Kinase (RET) independent signalling pathway. Having this property, by continuous signalling even in the absence of RET, GDNF can support motor neurons survival, regulate sympathic, parasympathic structural development. Studies elucidated that GDNF molecule possesses positive effects on axon regeneration specifically following spinal cord injury. Considering all these aspects, studies give us clues that GDNF molecule may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatments of spinal cord injuries and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this project, it was aimed to investigate the long-term effects of GDNF expression, which was increased by lentiviral vectors in mice spinal cord tissue. Depending on this aim, spinal cord injury model that mimics the traumatic spinal cord injury was applied to 8-10 weeks old Balb/c mice. Virus injection was applied from Thoraric 9 (T9) and Lumbar 2 (L2) levels and after 12 days spinal cord injury was performed from the T12 level of mice spinal cord. Experiments analysing functional recovery, neuronal survival and atrophy amount were applied following the injury. In consequence of these results, indications support that GDNF molecule can regulate functional recovery as well as affecting the neuronal survival during the long terms of spinal cord injury
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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