201 research outputs found
Respiratory Circuits: Function, Mechanisms, Topology, and Pathology
No full textNeuroscientists have long sought to understand how circuits in the nervous system are organized to generate the precise neural outputs that underlie particular behaviors. Recent studies deepened our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the rhythmic output for breathing. Here, the author focuses on issues that are pertinent for the respiratory network and considers its organization and how it derives the functional output. The author discusses pacemaker and network mechanisms of rhythm generation, which are now combined into a novel concept of emergent network activity due to coherent excitation of pacemaker groups. He discusses subcellular basis of this hypothesis and possible mechanisms of synchronization within respiratory network. These new findings in respiratory neuroscience are further applied to explain modifications in breathing during hypoxia and possible origins of respiratory disorders that may be acquired during neural development and aging
Fractional lattice charge transport
Get PDFWe consider the dynamics of noninteracting quantum particles on a square lattice in the presence of a magnetic flux α and a dc electric field E oriented along the lattice diagonal. In general, the adiabatic dynamics will be characterized by Bloch oscillations in the electrical field direction and dispersive ballistic transport in the perpendicular direction. For rational values of α and a corresponding discrete set of values of E(α) vanishing gaps in the spectrum induce a fractionalization of the charge in the perpendicular direction - while left movers are still performing dispersive ballistic transport, the complementary fraction of right movers is propagating in a dispersionless relativistic manner in the opposite direction. Generalizations and the possible probing of the effect with atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and photonic networks are discussed. Zak phase of respective band associated with gap closing regime has been computed and it is found converging to π/2 value. © The Author(s) 20171231sciescopu
The Asymmetric Active Coupler: Stable Nonlinear Supermodes and Directed Transport
Get PDFWe consider the asymmetric active coupler (AAC) consisting of two coupled dissimilar waveguides with gain and loss. We show that under generic conditions, not restricted by parity-time symmetry, there exist finite-power, constant-intensity nonlinear supermodes (NS), resulting from the balance between gain, loss, nonlinearity, coupling and dissimilarity. The system is shown to possess non-reciprocal dynamics enabling directed power transport functionality. © The Author(s) 201619101sciescopu
Французский эпиграф к Евгению Онегину*
No full textSergei Bocharov, The French epigraph to Eugen Onegin.
The author puzzles over the mysterious French epigraph in prose, placed as a philosophical and psychological clue to the famous Russian novel in verse, Eugen Onegin. Not only was Eugen Onegin an encyclopaedia of Russian life, according to Belinskii, but it was as well an encyclopaedia of European culture, states the author of the present article. The epigraph shows Pushkin's endeavor to relate his only novel in verse to his comprehensive experience of European novels of the early nineteenth century, through examples as different as Don Juan, Melmoth the wanderer and Adolph. The psychological portrait sketched in the epigraph is a "digest" of the main characters of these novels. At the same time, it foreshadows several trends which will materialize later on in Russian literature, for instance, in Dostoevskii's novels. The author of this article considers the French epigraph as a draft of Nicholas Stavrogin. The second part of this paper is devoted to the following question : "Onegin and Stavrogin".Sergej Bočarov, L'épigraphe en français d'Eugène Onegin.
Le présent article tente d'élucider ce fait intrigant : pourquoi le célèbre roman russe en vers, Eugène Onegin, est-il précédé d'une épigraphe en français, en prose, à titre de clé philosophique et psychologique. Eugène Onegin était non seulement une encyclopédie de la vie russe, selon la formule de Belinskij, mais une encyclopédie de la culture européenne, affirme l'auteur de l'article. Puškin marquait par cette épigraphe son désir de rattacher son unique roman en vers à son expérience du roman européen du début du XIXe siècle, à travers des modèles aussi divers que Don Juan, Melmoth ou l 'homme errant et Adolphe. Le portrait psychologique brossé dans le texte de l'épigraphe est un résumé original des caractères des héros de ces romans. En même temps, l'auteur de l'article voit dans ce portrait la préfiguration de certaines possibilités qui se sont matérialisées dans la littérature russe après Puškin, dans les romans de Dostocvskij notamment. Il y voit en particulier se profiler Nicolas Stavrogin. La deuxième partie de l'article est consacrée au thème « Onegin et Stavrogin ».Bocharov Sergej. Французский эпиграф к Евгению Онегину*. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 32, n°2, Avril-juin 1991. pp. 173-188
Deep learning of chaos classification
No full text© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. We train an artificial neural network which distinguishes chaotic and regular dynamics of the two-dimensional Chirikov standard map. We use finite length trajectories and compare the performance with traditional numerical methods which need to evaluate the Lyapunov exponent (LE). The neural network has superior performance for short periods with length down to 10 Lyapunov times on which the traditional LE computation is far from converging. We show the robustness of the neural network to varying control parameters, in particular we train with one set of control parameters, and successfully test in a complementary set. Furthermore, we use the neural network to successfully test the dynamics of discrete maps in different dimensions, e.g. the one-dimensional logistic map and a three-dimensional discrete version of the Lorenz system. Our results demonstrate that a convolutional neural network can be used as an excellent chaos indicator.11Nscopu
“Pel di Carota” Proposta di traduzione dal russo di un racconto per l’infanzia di Sergej Alekseev
No full textThis work aims at providing a possible translation into Italian of a short story for children called "Ryžik" by Russian author Sergej Alekseev. The first chapter and second chapter are, respectively, an overview of the Soviet children's literature during the 20th century and an overview of the Soviet works translated and published in Italy in the period after WW2. The third chapter focuses on the topic of translating for children and its inherent challenges. The fourth chapter provides a short biography of the author and a description of his main works and his style. The fifth chapter consists of the suggested translation, followed by the sixth chapter, which is an analysis of the challenges encountered during the translation which deserve to be discussed more in depth. The main goal of this work is to introduce a new author into the Italian literary landscape, while giving children the chance to get in touch with the Russian culture and history since an early age
Концепция потенциального интеллекта в учении Фомы Аквинского
No full textВ данной работе рассматривается концепция потенциального интеллекта в учениии Фомы Аквинского. Для этого автор сначала даёт общий обзор эпистемологии Аквината, затем рассматривает учения о потенциальном интеллекте в работах Аристотеля, Аверроэса и аверроистов и после этого переходит рецепции Фомой данных мыслителей. Автор приходит к выводу о большой важности полемики с аверроистами для становления концепции потенциального интеллекта Фомы Аквинского.In this work is considered the conception of potential intellect in the teaching of Thomas Aquinas. To do this, the author first gives a general review of Aquinas' epistemology, then he considers the teaching of potential intellect in the works of Aristotle, Averroes and Averroists and after that he proceeds to the reception of these thinkers by Thomas Aquinas. The author concludes that a dispute with Averroists had a great importance for the development of the Thomas Aquinas' potential intellect conception
Scorci pietroburghesi nei racconti di Sergej Psarev: proposta di traduzione
No full textThis work offers a translation of ten short stories by Sergej Psarëv, a contemporary Russian writer and painter from Saint Petersburg. The purpose of this work is to analyse the main features related to his prose and literary production, and is consisted of three main parts.
The first presents an overview of the main literary aspects connected to the St. Petersburg myth and focuses on the author’s presentation in his cultural and literary background, including his biography and bibliography. This section also deals with some reviewers’ analysis and with the study of Psarëv’s artistic activity, particularly his collaboration with libraries, where most of his exhibitions and book launches occurred.
The second part discusses some theoretical and strategic aspects of translation, followed by a commentary on the choices made. Particular attention is paid to the main difficulties encountered – i.e. register, intertextual references and culture-specific terms.
The proposed translation is the subject of the third section.
The appendix includes both the source texts and the transcript of the interview with the author, which took place in Saint Petersburg in September 2018, together with its translation into Italian. A declaration from Psarëv himself is also included
Il Rinascimento e il modernismo russo. Firenze nell’esperienza artistica dei fondatori del “Mir iskusstva”
Get PDFThe article discusses the cultural phenomenon of the Florentine Renaissance in relation to the aesthetic program of the art association “Mir Iskusstva” (“World of Art”). As Russian modernism reflects the transformation of artistic and spiritual culture that took place in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century, the author attempts to point out and analyze the main philosophical and aesthetic principles of the Italian Renaissance discussed among some of the important voices of the “World of Art” with particular attention on Sergej Djagilev and Aleksandr Benois. The author considers the logic of the continuity of artistic ideas of the Renaissance in the aesthetic concept of the founders of the “World of Art”. In order to demonstrate the strong link between the Renaissance past and the pre-revolutionary present the author analyzes the main literary, philosophical and memoir sources related to the legacy of Sergej Djagilev and Alexander Benois.The article discusses the cultural phenomenon of the Florentine Renaissance in relation to the aesthetic program of the art association “Mir Iskusstva” (“World of Art”). As Russian modernism reflects the transformation of artistic and spiritual culture that took place in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century, the author attempts to point out and analyze the main philosophical and aesthetic principles of the Italian Renaissance discussed among some of the important voices of the “World of Art” with particular attention on Sergej Djagilev and Aleksandr Benois. The author considers the logic of the continuity of artistic ideas of the Renaissance in the aesthetic concept of the founders of the “World of Art”. In order to demonstrate the strong link between the Renaissance past and the pre-revolutionary present the author analyzes the main literary, philosophical and memoir sources related to the legacy of Sergej Djagilev and Alexander Benois
Observation of quincunx-shaped and dipole-like flatband states in photonic rhombic lattices without band-touching
No full textWe demonstrate experimentally the existence of compact localized states (CLSs) in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic rhombic lattice in the presence of two distinct refractive-index gradients (i.e., a driven lattice ribbon) acting as external electric fields. Such a lattice is composed of an array of periodically arranged evanescently coupled waveguides, which hosts a perfect flatband that touches both remaining dispersive bands when it is not driven. The external driving is realized by modulating the relative writing beam intensity of adjacent waveguides. We find that a y-gradient set perpendicularly to the ribbon preserves the flatband while removing the band-touching. The undriven dipole-like CLS— which occupies two lattice sites over one unit cell—turns into a quincunx-shaped CLS spanned over two unit cells. Instead, an x-gradient acting parallel to the ribbon yields a Stark ladder of the CLS whose spatial profile is unchanged with respect to the undriven case. We notably find that their superposition leads to Bloch-like oscillations in momentum space. © Author(s) 202011Nsciescopu
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