1,720,979 research outputs found
Bernardino Ramazzini's early observations of the link between musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic factors
No full textBernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) systematically studied the relationship between work and diseases. He realized that it was not possible to ascribe all workers ́ diseases to chemicals or physical agents and foresaw that other factors were involved. He observed that common diseases could originate following the maintenance either of prolonged stationary postures or of unnatural postures (e.g. bakers, workers who stand, sedentary worker, scribes, weavers) or following activities requiring heavy muscular performance (e.g. porters and woodworkers). Furthermore, Ramazzini recognized the need to undertake measures to prevent disorders from repetitive motions and manual lifting and anticipated the now accepted advice of moderation and recommendations of reduction of work duration for a number of hard jobs requiring a standing position or severe muscular effort. From his early writings therefore it is evident that Ramazzini realized the importance of assessing the ergonomic factors associated with the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Is it true that pre-conization high-risk HPV DNA load is a significant factor of persistence of HPV infection after conization?
No full textIs it true that pre-conization high-risk HPV DNA load is a significant factor of persistence of HPV infection after conization?
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Development and validation of a dedicated microarray for the evaluation of bovine mammary gland health status and milk quality.
No full textThe purpose of this study was the output and set up of the milk array, a dedicated array designed to investigate the expression levels of many genes involved in cow mammary gland inflammation and milk production regulation. First, a new targeted genes panel was selected. Successively, the microarray reliability was examined by yellow and dye swap experiments using the normal and mastitic mammary gland samples from the same cow. The sensitivity and reliability were evaluated using different amounts of the same mastitic mammary gland RNA: a good linear regression (R (2) = 0.758) was obtained also using only 3 μg of RNA. We used both reverse transcriptase RT-qPCR and the microarray to analyze 100 bovine genes (96 known to be involved in inflammation and milk production regulation and four housekeeping genes) in pooled total RNA isolated from tissue samples. All genes were detectable by RT-qPCR and microarray: a good mean correlation coefficient over all samples of 0.885 showed that both methods were similarly well suited to analyze gene expression in these samples. This report describes the development of small DNA microarray of fully defined genes suitable for analysis of expression of many genes involved in cow mammary gland inflammation and milk production regulation; this platform will prove useful as diagnostic tool prototype to perform a more in-depth analysis of the milk quality and mammary glands health status
- …
