1,721,046 research outputs found
Fathering across diversity and adversity: International perspectives and policy interventions
No full textWealth inequalities across generations
No full textThis study considers age stratification in terms of the distribution of wealth across age groups using harmonized micro-level data from the Luxembourg Wealth Study Database. The analysis is applied to the latest cross-sectional data for seven countries representative of different welfare regimes and different family models: the United States, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Wealth increases with age, irrespectively of the welfare state, but its progression varies in important ways. That is, whereas the older age groups have command of a disproportionate share the economic resources compared to young adults, the gap between the old and the young differs in substantially across countries. We discuss the possible implications of wealth accumulation across different age strata for the younger generations and the way it may affect their transition to adulthood
History and Current Status of Divorce in the United States
Full text linkThis article explores the remarkable shift in marriage and divorce practices that has occurred in the last third of this century in the United States. Initially, information is presented on trends in divorce and remarriage; commonalities and differences between family patterns in the United States and in other industrialized nations are discussed. The author then identifies some of the factors that have transformed marriage practices in the United States and describes how changes in these practices have altered the family experiences of children. Finally, the author suggests trends in family patterns that might occur in the near future and discusses various policy initiatives and how they may influence the future of the family
Évolution du bien-être des enfants et transformations de la famille américaine.
No full textCondran (Gretchen A.), Furstenberg (Frank F.) . - Trends in child welfare and transformations in the American family Is there any detectable synchronism between trends in the number of working mothers and divorce rates or numbers of births out of wedlock and trends in the number of teenagers gaining secondary school qualifications or going into higher education, drug or alcohol consumption, committing suicide or murder and having children out of wedlock? The first factors are indicators of the changes in American families over the last thirty years, while the other factors concern the behaviour of young people which could reflect the harmful effects on generations increasingly affected by these family transformations. On the one hand, changes in the family are not regressing, marking the decline in the traditional pattern of two parents and one breadwinner. On the other hand, there has been a wide variety of changes in the behaviour of young people. Some indicators show more or less continuous improvement in the welfare of young people (proportion with secondary school qualifications) while others show a deterioration now curbed (access to higher education, alcohol and drug consumption, etc.) while yet others are a sign of continuous deterioration (murder, suicide, illegitimate births). The latter are thus the only ones that could demonstrate a correlation with family transformations. But one should be careful even in such cases since women are less affected than men and the situation of blacks and whites sometimes moves in opposite directions. Overall, the general idea of the harmful effects of changes in the family on the welfare of children should be treated with the strongest reservations.Condran (Gretchen A.), Furstenberg (Frank F.) . - Évolution du bien-être des enfants et transformations de la famille américaine Existe-t-il un synchronisme, éventuellement décalé, entre l'évolution du nombre de mères actives et du nombre de divorces ou de naissances hors mariage, d'une part, et l'évolution du nombre d'adolescents obtenant leur diplôme du secondaire ou s'inscrivant dans le supérieur, consommant drogue ou alcool, commettant suicide ou homicides, ou ayant un enfant hors mariage, d'autre part ? Les premiers éléments sont les indicateurs des changements ayant affecté la famille américaine depuis trente ans ; les seconds sont des comportements de la jeunesse qui pourraient traduire les effets néfastes subis par les générations de plus en plus touchées par ces transformations familiales. D'un côté, les changements de la famille n'ont guère ralenti, marquant le recul de la forme traditionnelle : deux parents et une seule source de revenu. De l'autre, les comportements de la jeunesse ont connu une évolution très diversifiée : certains indicateurs révèlent une amélioration à peu près continue du bien-être des jeunes (proportion de diplômés du secondaire) ; d'autres ont marqué une détérioration, aujourd'hui enrayée (accès à l'enseignement supérieur, consommation de drogue et d'alcool, etc.); d'autres enfin sont le signe d'une dégradation continue (homicides, suicide, fécondité hors mariage). Ces derniers sont donc les seuls qui permettent d'illustrer une corrélation avec les transformations familiales. Mais même dans ces cas, le constat doit être nuancé : les femmes sont moins touchées que les hommes et la situation des blancs et des noirs évolue parfois en sens inverse. Au total, l'idée générale d'une influence néfaste des changements familiaux sur le bien-être des enfants doit être prise avec de très fortes réserves.Condran (Gretchen A.), Furstenberg (Frank F.) . - Evolución del bienestar de los hijos y transformaciones de la familia americana. Los autores se prequntan sobre la existencia de un sincronismo, desfasado о no, entre la evolución del numero de madrés activas y el numero de divorcios o nacimientos fuera del matrimonio, de una parte, y entre la evolución de madrés activas y el numero de adolescentes que obtienen un diploma de enseňanza secundaria o se inscriben en ensefianza superior, que consumen drogas о alcohol, que cometen suicidios u homicidios, о que tienen un hijo fuera del matrimonio, de otra. Los primeros elementos son indicadores de los cambios que han afectado a la familia americana en los ùltimos treinta aňos; los segundos son comporta- mientos de la juventud que podrían traducir los efectos nefastos de las transformaciones fa- miliares sobre estas generaciones cada vez más afectadas рог ellas. Рог un lado, los cambios en la familia continúan y no indican un retorno a la forma tradicional: dos progenitores con una única renta. Por otro lado, los comportamientos de la juventud han seguido una evolución muy dispar: algunos indicadores revelan una mejora más o menos continua del bienestar de los jóvenes (proporción de diplomas de enseňanza secundaria), otros muestran un deterioro iniciál y estabilización reciente (acceso a la enseňanza superior, consumo de droga y alcohol, etc.) y un tercer grupo sufre una degrada- ción continua (homicidios, suicidios, fecundidad fuera del matrimonio). Este ultimo grupo es el único que permite ilustrar una correlación con las transformaciones familiares. Sin embargo, también en estos casos hay que matizar los resultados: los efectos son menores en el caso de las mujeres, y la situación de blancos y negros evoluciona en algunos casos en sen- tido inverso. En resumen, la creencia general de una influencia nefasta de los cambios familiares sobre el bienestar de los hijos debe aceptarse con fuertes réservas.F.furstenberg Franck, Condran Gretchen A. Évolution du bien-être des enfants et transformations de la famille américaine.. In: Population, 49ᵉ année, n°6, 1994. L'enfant dans la famille, vingt ans de changements. pp. 1613-1637
The Family in the City
Full text linkAlmost by definition the concentration of poverty is associated with the concentration of family problems and less well functioning communities. Researchers have had no problem documenting that crime, drug abuse, mental health problems, and school failure are all disproportionately located in the poorer communities in the United States, especially in very poor neighborhoods. However, for the author, that correlation of low income communities and problem behavior or low achievement among children does not necessarily demonstrate that families and children behave differently because they grow up in low income communities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Global Family Change: Persistent Diversity with Development
Full text linkThis paper provides a broad empirical overview of the relationship between family change and socio-economic development drawing on 30+ years of Demographic and Health Survey data from 3.5 million respondents across 84 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conduct two sets of analyses. First, we document global and regional-level associations between the Human Development Index (HDI) and novel indicators reflecting multidimensional family change. Second, we use methods from the growth convergence literature to examine whether – and in which domains – there is evidence of cross-country convergence in family indicators over levels of development. We show that families in LMICs have transformed in multiple ways, changing differently across domains, world regions, and genders. Fertility, intra-couple decision-making, and women’s life-course timing indicators are strongly associated with HDI, yet cross-country convergence is limited to the latter domain. Marriage, cohabitation, household structure, and men’s life-course timing indicators are more weakly associated with HDI, and span a broad spectrum of convergence dynamics ranging from divergence to modest convergence. We describe this scenario as “persistent diversity with development,” and shed light on the underlying regional heterogeneity – driven primarily by sub-Saharan Africa
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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