171,081 research outputs found
Referat über: "Was können wir Pfarrer thun zur sittlich-religiösen Hebung des Vereinslebens?"
No full textvon C. Furre
A selective view of climatological data and likelihood estimation
No full textThis article gives a narrative overview of what constitutes climatological data and their typical features, with a focus on aspects relevant to statistical modeling. We restrict the discussion to univariate spatial fields and focus on maximum likelihood estimation. To address the problem of enormous datasets, we study three common approximation schemes: tapering, direct misspecification, and composite likelihood for Gaussian and nonGaussian distributions. We focus particularly on the so-called 'sinh-arcsinh distribution', obtained through a specific transformation of the Gaussian distribution. Because it has flexible marginal distributions - possibly skewed and/or heavy-tailed - it has a wide range of applications. One appealing property of the transformation involved is the existence of an explicit inverse transformation that makes likelihood-based methods straightforward. We describe a simulation study illustrating the effects of the different approximation schemes. To the best of our knowledge, a direct comparison of tapering, direct misspecification, and composite likelihood has never been made previously, and we show that direct misspecification is inferior. In some metrics, composite likelihood has a minor advantage over tapering. We use the estimation approaches to model a high-resolution global climate change field. All simulation code is available as a Docker container and is thus fully reproducible. Additionally, the present article describes where and how to get various climate datasets. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licens
Konkurs-Programm zur Einrichtung von Bauplänen für die Eingenössische Polytechnische Schule und die zürcher Hochschule
No full textDr. Furrer ; Präsident C. Kappeler ; Schweizerischer Schulra
Entity recognition in the biomedical domain using a hybrid approach
No full textBackground: This article describes a high-recall, high-precision approach for the extraction of biomedical entities from scientific articles. Method: The approach uses a two-stage pipeline, combining a dictionary-based entity recognizer with a machine-learning classifier. First, the OGER entity recognizer, which has a bias towards high recall, annotates the terms that appear in selected domain ontologies. Subsequently, the Distiller framework uses this information as a feature for a machine learning algorithm to select the relevant entities only. For this step, we compare two different supervised machine-learning algorithms: Conditional Random Fields and Neural Networks. Results: In an in-domain evaluation using the CRAFT corpus, we test the performance of the combined systems when recognizing chemicals, cell types, cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, organisms, proteins, and biological sequences. Our best system combines dictionary-based candidate generation with Neural-Network-based filtering. It achieves an overall precision of 86% at a recall of 60% on the named entity recognition task, and a precision of 51% at a recall of 49% on the concept recognition task. Conclusion: These results are to our knowledge the best reported so far in this particular task
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
geboren den 24 Dezember 1819, gestorben den 1. April 1899
No full textReden gehalten bei der Leichenfeier im Grossmünster am 4. April 1899: Rede des Herrn Pfarrer L. Pestalozzi; Rede des Herrn Regierungsrat E. Grob; Rede des Herrn Decan Dr. Furrer; Gedächtnispredigt in der Grossmünsterkirche, gehalten von Herrn Pfarrer C. Pestalozzi-Finsler aus St. Gallen, Sonntag den 9. April 1899
Survival in the alpine landscape : genetic, demographic and reproductive strategies of the rare monocarpic perennial "Campanula thyrsoides" in the Swiss Alps
No full textCampanula thyrsoides is one of the few monocarpic perennials in the Swiss
Alps. Genetic connectivity among populations of this species is impeded due to the
heterogeneity of the alpine environment and consequently, a significant pattern of
decreasing population relatedness with increasing geographic distance can be found.
The comparison with two other alpine species studied at the same spatial scale showed
that the potential for long-distance seed dispersal does not necessarily translate into
increased population similarity. The results further suggest that other life-history traits,
especially the breeding system, may play an important role in genetic diversity
partitioning. These findings corresponds well with the current knowledge about
determinants of genetic diversity in plant populations. The molecular study also
corroborates the theory on glacial refugia in the European Alps by delimiting two
prominent areas of post-glacial plant migration. A very comforting result is the high
amount of genetic diversity that can be found even in small populations such that the
short-term adaptive potential of Campanula thyrsoides is assured.
Demographic analysis of two populations revealed that survival and growth are
the most important determinants of population persistence. C. thyrsoides seems to
follow an evolutionary stable flowering strategy which is characterized by an optimal
size-dependent flowering threshold. Age at reproduction varied largely in this species
and such a pronounced generation overlap efficiently buffers environmental variability.
Simulation approaches further showed that C. thyrsoides is most likely micrositelimited
and consequently has a large potential for population growth. In general, this
study confirms the findings of similar investigations and the novel combination of
methods applied have proven powerful to study in depth the important demographic
parameters of a long-lived alpine plant, potentially facilitating future research.
The pollination experiment established firm proof for an obligatory outcrossing
breeding system in C. thyrsoides which does not break down as flowers age. The study
also demonstrated the minimal risk of population decline as a result of inbreeding
depression.
From the three studies summarized above and the information accumulated in
the general life-history analysis I conclude that C. thyrsoides is well adapted to the
variability of the alpine environment, that the genetic and demographic requirements for
short-term adaptive capacity and long-term evolutionary potential of this species is
assured and that no specific conservation measures have to be taken for this naturally
rare species
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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