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PENGGUNAAN KATALIS NIKEL-ZEOLIT ALAM AKTIF PADA HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN BANTUAN ULTRASONIK
No full textABSTRAK Fungky. 2016. Penggunaan Katalis Nikel-Zeolit Alam Aktif pada Hidrolisis Selulosa menjadi Glukosa dengan Bantuan Ultrasonik. Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Sumari, M.Si., (II) Dr. Yahmin, S.Pd., M.Si. Kata kunci: hidrolisis selulosa, glukosa, katalis nikel-zeolit, ultrasonikasi Selulosa merupakan sumber daya alam terbarukan yang sangat melimpah. Ketersediaan selulosa yang melimpah tersebut menarik untuk dikaji dan diteliti agar dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan yang memiliki nilai manfaat lebih besar. Selulosa dapat didegradasi dengan cara hidrolisis menghasilkan glukosa. Degradasi selulosa dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis zeolit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan hidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa menggunakan katalis Nikel-zeolit alam aktif dengan berbantuan ultrasonik. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi (1) preparasi, aktivasi dan karakterisasi katalis zeolit alam aktif (2) pembuatan dan karakterisasi katalis Nikel-zeolit alam aktif (3) hidrolisis selulosa dengan katalis nikel-zeolit alam aktif (4) Analisis produk hasil hidrolisis selulosa. Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan membuat zeolit alam berukuran 100 mesh ditambah NiCl2 0,2 M dengan direfluks selama 24 jam menjadi Nikel-zeolit alam aktif. Karakterisasi katalis dianalisis menggunakan XRD dan BET. Hidrolisis selulosa dilakukan pada suhu 70oC selama 2 dan 4 jam dengan frekuensi 42 kHz. Produk hasil hidrolisis dianalisis menggunakan pereaksi Fehling dan Nelson-Somogyi dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zeolit alam aktif Malang yang digunakan berjenis Mordenit (MOR) dengan luas permukaan 99,096 m2/g, diameter rerata pori 0,80393 nm dan volume total pori 1,992x10-2 cc/g. Produk hasil hidrolisis mengandung glukosa setelah diuji dengan pereaksi Fehling. Produk hasil hidrolisis diperoleh rendemen sebesar 0,967%. ABSTRACT Fungky. 2016. The Use of a Nickel-Active Natural Zeolite Catalyst on Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Glucose with Ultrasonic assisted. Thesis. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Malang. Supervisors: (I) Dr. Sumari, M.Si., (II) Dr. Yahmin, S.Pd., M.Si. Keywords: cellulose hydrolysis, glucose, nickel-zeolite catalyst, ultrasonication Cellulose is a renewable natural resource that is very abundant. The availability of abundant cellulose is interesting to be studied and researched in order to be used as a material that has a value greater benefit. Cellulose can be degraded by hydrolysis to produce glucose. Degradation of cellulose can be done by using a zeolite catalyst. The purpose of this study was to conduct the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose using nickel-zeolite catalyst active with ultrasonic assisted. Stages of this research include (1) preparation, activation and characterization of active natural zeolite catalysts (2) the manufacture and characterization of active natural nickel-zeolite catalyst (3) hydrolysis of cellulose with active natural nickel-zeolite catalyst (4) Analysis of cellulose hydrolysis products. Preparation of the catalyst was done by creating a natural zeolite size of 100 mesh was added to 0.2 M if NiCl2 refluxed for 24 hours with active nature nickel-zeolite. The catalysts characterization tested using XRD and BET. Cellulose hydrolysis carried out at 70°C for 2 and 4 hours with a frequency of 42 kHz. Hydrolysis produced was analyzed made using Fehling and the Nelson-Somogyi reagent by spectrophotometric method. The research showed Malang active natural zeolite type was Mordenite (MOR) with a surface area of 99.096 m2/g, a mean pore diameter of 0.80393 nm and total pore volume of 1,992x10-2 cc/g. The products of hydrolysis contained glucose tested by Fehling reagent. The yield product of hydrolysis obtained was 0.967%
PENGELOLAAN KARIR DAN KOMPENSASI BAGI PRODUKTIFITAS KARYAWAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH ASRI TULUNGAGUNG
Get PDFABSTRAK
Skripsi dengan judul “Pengelolaan Karir dan Kompensasi Bagi
Produktivitas Karyawan Lembaga Keuangan Syaria’ah Asri
Tulungagung” ini ditulis oleh Fungky Agus Riyanto, NIM. 1741143141,
pembimbing Ibu Dyah Pravitasari, SE.,M.S.A.
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena pengelolaan karir dan
pemberian kompensasi karyawan sangatlah dibutuhkan pihak lembaga
karena sangat berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Adanya
pengelolaan karir ini bisa mengetahui kinerja dari masing-masing
karyawan, maka kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh karyawan bisa menjadi
tolak ukur bagi pihak lembaga keuangan Syariah.
Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana
pengelolaan karir bagi produktivitas karyawan di LKS Asri Tulungagung,
(2) Bagaimana pengelolaan kompensasi bagi produktivitas karyawan LKS
Asri Tulungagung. Adapun tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan
pengelolaan karir dan kompensasi bagi produktivitas karyawan LKS Asri
Tulungagung.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer maupun sekunder. Data
ini diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.
Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa (1) pengelolaan karir yang
terjadi di LKS Asri yaitu dengan cara masa penasihatan atau bimbingan dari
seorang karyawaan senior yang mampu untuk membimbing, (2) pemberian
kompensasi karyawan yang ada di LKS Asri Tulungagung bahwa
pemberian kompensasi yang menganut sistem keadilan, kelayakan dan
kewajaran. Dimana pengelolaan karir yang cukup baik dan pemberian
kompensasi sesuai dengan apa yang di kerjakan, maka produktivitas
karyawan LKS Asri Tulungagung berjalan lancar dan baik untuk
kedepannya.
Kata kunci : Pengelolaan Karir, Kompensasi, Karyawa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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