1,720,955 research outputs found
Impact of Mercury Use in Artisanal Gold Mining on \ud Community Health: Kahama Case Study, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study is part of the main research carried out in 2010 which investigated social economic impact of uncontrolled artisanal mining on local communities and the environment using a case study of sampled gold mining sites in selected villages in Lunguya and Segese wards in Kahama District, Tanzania. The methodology involved a study sample size of 210 households, forming 70% of the targeted mining villages. They were interviewed on various social economic variables related to artisanal mining and environmental issues in the study area. Interviews to respondents were counterchecked by medical laboratory examination records to validate the results on the impact of mercury use by uncontrolled artisanal mining activities on human health and the local environment at large. In short, uncontrolled artisanal miners’ practices of site clearing of trees to give way to open cast mining in extraction of ore; and washing processes involving use of mercury in shallow ponds which frequently acted as sources of domestic water compounded the polluting effects to human population in the study area. Laboratory investigation results indicated that there were mercury concentrations in soil and water ranged between 0.012 mg/kg in water to 0.85mg/kg in soil with pH ranged from 2.8 (acidic) in the water that miners re-used in the processing of gold ore, to 4.1 in the water pool, for example, at Kakola in Lunguya ward where residents used the same water for domestic purposes; while soil acidification recorded (2.7) pH. In the overall, 89% of interviewed respondents in the study area stated they partially benefited economically through self-employment gained from artisanal gold mining at the expense human health and environmental pollution and degradation in general. This study concluded that although the community in the study area apparently gained economic benefits from artisanal gold mining; the consequent public ill-health and environmental hazards outweighed the benefit gained. The study recommended to the government, law enforcers and other stakeholders at different levels to take immediate safety measures to ensure safe artisanal gold mining for sustainable development. This to be paralleled by community awareness building on the negative effects of poor mining methods in order to take collective remedial action for the welfare of the local community and the nation at large
Impact of mercury use in artisanal gold mining on community health: Kahama case study, Tanzania
No full textThis study is part of the main research carried out in 2010 which investigated social economic impact of uncontrolled artisanal mining on local communities and the environment using a case study of sampled gold mining sites in selected villages in Lunguya and Segese wards in Kahama District, Tanzania. The methodology involved a study sample size of 210 households forming 70% of the targeted mining villages. They were interviewed on various social economic variables related to artisanal mining and environmental issues in the study area. Interviews to respondents were counterchecked by medical laboratory examination records to validate the results on the impact of mercury use by uncontrolled artisanal mining activities on human health and the local environment at large. In short, uncontrolled artisanal miners' practices of site clearing of trees to give way .to open cast mining in extraction of ore; and washing processes involving use of mercury in shallow ponds which frequently acted as sources of domestic water compounded the polluting effects to human population in the study area. Laboratory investigation results indicated that there were mercury concentrations in soil and water ranged between 0.012 mg/kg in water to 0.85mg/kg in soil with pH ranged from 2.8 (acidic) in the water that miners re-used in the processing of gold ore, to 4.1 in the water pool, for example, at Kakola in Lunguya ward where residents used the same water for domestic purposes; while soil acidification recorded (2.7) pH. In the overall, 89% of interviewed respondents in the study area stated they partially benefited economically through self-employment gained from artisanal gold mining at the expense human health and environmental pollution and degradation in general. This study concluded that although the community in the study area apparently gained economic benefits from artisanal gold mining; the consequent public ill-health and environmental hazards outweighed the benefit gained. The study recommended to the government, law enforcers and other stakeholders at different levels to take immediate safety measures to ensure safe artisanal gold mining for sustainable development. This to be paralleled by community awareness building on the negative effects of poor mining methods in order to take collective remedial action for the welfare of the local community and the nation at large
Impact of mercury use in artisanal gold mining on community health: Kahama case study, Tanzania
No full textThis study is part of the main research carried out in 2010 which investigated social economic impact of uncontrolled artisanal mining on local communities and the environment using a case study of sampled gold mining sites in selected villages in Lunguya and Segese wards in Kahama District, Tanzania. The methodology involved a study sample size of 210 households forming 70% of the targeted mining villages. They were interviewed on various social economic variables related to artisanal mining and environmental issues in the study area. Interviews to respondents were counterchecked by medical laboratory examination records to validate the results on the impact of mercury use by uncontrolled artisanal mining activities on human health and the local environment at large. In short, uncontrolled artisanal miners' practices of site clearing of trees to give way .to open cast mining in extraction of ore; and washing processes involving use of mercury in shallow ponds which frequently acted as sources of domestic water compounded the polluting effects to human population in the study area. Laboratory investigation results indicated that there were mercury concentrations in soil and water ranged between 0.012 mg/kg in water to 0.85mg/kg in soil with pH ranged from 2.8 (acidic) in the water that miners re-used in the processing of gold ore, to 4.1 in the water pool, for example, at Kakola in Lunguya ward where residents used the same water for domestic purposes; while soil acidification recorded (2.7) pH. In the overall, 89% of interviewed respondents in the study area stated they partially benefited economically through self-employment gained from artisanal gold mining at the expense human health and environmental pollution and degradation in general. This study concluded that although the community in the study area apparently gained economic benefits from artisanal gold mining; the consequent public ill-health and environmental hazards outweighed the benefit gained. The study recommended to the government, law enforcers and other stakeholders at different levels to take immediate safety measures to ensure safe artisanal gold mining for sustainable development. This to be paralleled by community awareness building on the negative effects of poor mining methods in order to take collective remedial action for the welfare of the local community and the nation at large
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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