130,585 research outputs found
The Complexity of Boolean Surjective General-Valued CSPs
No full textValued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) are discrete optimisation problems with the objective function given as a sum of fixed-arity functions; the values are rational numbers or infinity.
In Boolean surjective VCSPs variables take on labels from D={0,1} and an optimal assignment is required to use both labels from D. A classic example is the global min-cut problem in graphs. Building on the work of Uppman, we establish a dichotomy theorem and thus give a complete complexity classification of Boolean surjective VCSPs. The newly discovered tractable case has an interesting structure related to projections of downsets and upsets. Our work generalises the dichotomy for {0,infinity}-valued constraint languages corresponding to CSPs) obtained by Creignou and Hebrard, and the dichotomy for {0,1}-valued constraint languages (corresponding to Min-CSPs) obtained by Uppman
"Maastricht 2042 and the Fate of Europe: Toward Convergence and Full Employment"
No full textUnemployment in the European Union (EU) is a serious problem that threatens to disrupt the integration of accession countries, the character of individual countries, and the continued existence of the EU. According to Senior Scholar James K. Galbraith, European integration poses a huge conundrum for European employment because the conventional theory explaining unemployment in EuropeÐlabor market rigiditiesÐis wrong. The application of this policy will not cure European unemployment, but it could destroy the economic promise of the EU for its poorer regions and the accession countries.
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Essential properties of few-particle systems in self-assembled quantum rings
No full textThis work is devoted to the eigenstates characterization of diverse few-particle systems strongly confined in self-assembled semiconductor quantum rings, such as the case of single and two-electron systems, the artificial atoms D0 and DResumen: Este trabajo está dedicado a la caracterización de los autoestados de diversos sistemas de pocas partículas fuertemente confinadas en anillos semiconductores autoensamblados, como es el caso de sistemas de un solo electrón, dos electrones, átomos artificiales D0 y D-, y complejos moleculares D2+ y D20, en presencia de agentes externos como campos electromagnéticos, de presión hidrostática y cambios de temperatura. El estudio de estos sistemas nano-estructurados con topología doblemente conexa, se realizó en el marco de la aproximación de la masa efectiva.Doctorad
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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