471 research outputs found
Nonlinear Optical Properties of the Au-SiO2 Nanocomposite Superresolution Near-field Thin Film
No full textOptical properties of metallic nano-composite thin film and its applications
No full text本論文研究以同步濺鍍(co-sputtering)法製作金與二氧化矽(Au-SiO2)之奈米複合(nano-composite)薄膜結構，在兩支濺鍍槍(sputtering gun)上分別為金(Au)與二氧化矽(SiO¬2)的靶材(target)，藉由改變濺鍍槍的電源供應器(power supply)所提供的濺鍍功率，控制兩種材料的混成比例及濺鍍條件，可調整薄膜中金奈米顆粒的粒徑尺寸、形狀及分佈等參數，並由穿隧電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)影像觀察其微觀結構。
奈米光學薄膜的研究，以Z軸掃描技術(Z-scan)、近場光學顯微術(Near-field Optical Microscopy, NSOM)以及泵-探(pump-probe)光學量測等實驗方法，探討特殊奈米複合結構薄膜之非線性光學性質、近場光學效應、侷域光學性質、光熱性質及表面電漿子共振等相關的物理性質及其應用。In this thesis, a co-sputtering method is used to fabricate the Au and SiO2 nanocomposite thin film. Two targets of Au and SiO2 are simultaneously rf-sputtered with proper Argon pressure. A nanocomposite thin film consisted of Au and SiO2 can be fabricated, and the volume ratio of Au to SiO2 is controlled by the powers of sputtering guns. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of this 15 nm Au-SiO2 nanocomposite thin film show that irregular shape Au nanoparticles are embedded in SiO2 with random distribution. The sizes of these nanoparticles are from 2 to 10nm.
The nonlinear optical properties, near-field optical properties, localized optical effects, optical-thermal responses, surface plasmon resonaces and its applications of Au-SiO2 nano-composited thin film are invegated by methods of Z-scan experimental technique, near-field optical microscopy and pump-probe optical measurements.中文摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 XI
第一章、奈米光學與技術概論 1
1. 1 奈米光子學(Nano-photonics) 1
1. 2 近場光學與奈米光學(Near-field optics and Nano-optics) 4
(a) 近場(Near-field)系統 4
(b) 近場(Near-field)電磁波交互作用與近場光學量測 5
1. 3 奈米近場光學記錄(Near-field optical data storage)概念 8
(a) 近場光學顯微術(Near-field Optical Microscopy) 9
(b) 近場光學記錄(Near-field optics data storage)發展 14
(c) 奈米近場光碟片結構(Near-field optical disc structure) 14
1. 4 奈米光學薄膜(Near-field optical active layer) 15
參考文獻 17
第二章、光與物質作用之基礎理論 21
2. 1 極化率(polarization)與介電函數(dielectric function) 21
2. 2 線性及非線性光學作用 23
(a) 古典電磁學理論分析 23
(b) 二能級吸收(Two level absorption)理論 27
2. 3 電漿子共振(plasmon resonance) 30
(a) 自由電子(free electron)與光場交互作用 31
(b) 表面電漿子(surface plasmon) 32
(c) 顆粒電漿子(particle plasmon) 37
2. 4 尺寸效應(size effect) 39
參考文獻 41
第三章、研究奈米光學薄膜之實驗架構 42
3. 1 近場光學顯微儀(NSOM) 42
3. 2 Z軸掃描(Z-scan)非線性光學量測技術 44
(a) Z軸掃描系統之基本架構與原理 45
(b) Z軸掃描術(Z-scan)實驗裝置 49
(c) 閉孔反射率量測與開孔反射率量測之差異 51
3. 3 泵-探(pump-probe)光學量測 54
參考文獻 56
第四章、金與二氧化矽(Au-SiO2)奈米複合結構薄膜之研究 58
4. 1 Au-SiO2奈米複合結構薄膜性質 58
(a) 樣品製備 58
(b) 樣品的微結構分析 59
(c) 光譜量測分析 61
4. 2 Au-SiO2奈米複合結構薄膜的非線性光學量測 62
(a) 非線性吸收量測分析 63
(b) 反射訊號量測分析 67
(c) 非線性光學折射量測分析 70
(d) 金奈米顆粒薄膜與Au-SiO2奈米複合結構薄膜之比較 72
(e) 金奈米顆粒之非線性光學性質理論分析 74
4. 3 Au-SiO2奈米複合結構薄膜之近場光學量測分析 77
4. 4 Au-SiO2奈米複合結構的光熱性質量測分析 80
參考文獻 86
第五章、結論與展望 89
參考文獻 90
個人資料與著
Phoebus 8: Art at the Close of China's Empire
No full texttableOfContents: Preface p, 9
The Significance of the Nineteenth Century for Modern Chinese History by Stephen R. Mackinnon p.11
Looking at Late Qing Painting with New Eyes by Chu-tsing Li p. 18
Qian Duto ZhangJing The Artist and the Patron by Ju-hsi Chou p. 38
Zhou Xian 's Fabulous Construct The Thatched Cottage of Fan Lake by Britta Erickson p. 67
A Forgotten Celebrity Wang Zhen(1867-1938), Businessman, Philanthropist, and Artist by Hsing-yuan Tsao p. 94
Satire and Situation Images of the Artist in Late Nineteenth-century China by Richard Vinograd p. 110
Painters and Publishing in Late Nineteenth-century Shanghai by Jonathan Hay p. 134
Calligraphy at the Close of the Chinese Empire by Lothar Ledderose p. 189
Glossary of Chinese Names and Terms p. 20
Tu Fu, Yuan Chieh, and the Poets of the Ch'ieh-chung-chi
No full textThe sudden upsurge of poetic spirit was a major factor in the flowering of poetry that marked the height of the T'ang. Among the men who, in the name of traditionalism, worked to encourage this revival of the poetic spirit, one of the most influential was Tu Fu's friend Su Yüan-ming 蘇源明 (d. 764). During the latter years of his stay in Ch'ang-an (754-758), Tu Fu became associated with Su Yüan-ming's traditionalist group, and was greatly influenced by them. Among the members of the group were Yüan Chieh 元結 (719-772) and the other poets represented in the anthology which Yüan Chieh compiled, entitled Ch'ieh-chung chi 篋中集. Yüan Chieh in particular enjoyed a close friendship with Su Yüan-ming. Tu Fu seems to have had no direct association with Yüan Chieh, but he was friendly with four of the Ch'ieh-chung-chi poets. The present paper discusses the connections between Yüan Chieh's associates and Tu Fu, and attempts to determine what influence they had on Tu Fu's work. The author has concentrated particularly upon the possible connections between Tu Fu's "San li" 三吏 "San pieh" 三別 and the twelve poems in Yüan Chieh's "Hsi-yüeh-fu" 系樂府. Among the latter, that entitled "Ch'ung-ling hsing" 春陵行 appears to have had a very significant influence on Tu Fu's late works
Z-Scan Study of Nonlinear Optical Coupling of PtOx and Ge2Sb2Te5 of Near-Field Optical Recording Structure
No full text
Estimation of Forage Production of Nilegrass Using Vegetation Reflectance
No full textChanges in reflectance spectrum of a crop are known to follow the morphological development of vegetation, and thus spectral models combining spectral characteristics correlated with biomass production may be used for yield estimation. Field experiments were conducted to validate use of reflectance spectra (350–2400 nm) to estimate forage production (i.e., aboveground fresh weight) of nilegrass (Acroceras macrum Stapf) vegetation from June 2002 to May 2004. Correlation coefficients (r) between spectral reflectance and forage production varied across the spectral range of measurements. A linear relationship (P < 0.010) was found for several wavebands, with the highest r value located at 891 nm (r = 0.671; P < 0.010). Of the examined spectral indices, forage production was found to be best correlated with RGREEN/RNIR ratio (R 2 = 0.654, P < 0.001) where RGREEN was reflectance of green light (490–560 nm) maximum and RNIR was reflectance of the near-infrared (740–1300 nm) peak. Assessment of forage production was further improved by using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model. The best five-variable linear regression equation provided the best fit (R 2 = 0.726, P < 0.001, Mallows' Cp criterion = 6.000). When validating the MLR model with other datasets from different growing seasons, the model gave reasonable prediction values (r = 0.833; P < 0.001) with a slope of 1.086 and root mean square error of 3.891 (N = 21)
Interconnection networks for parallel and distributed computing
Full text linkParallel computers are generally either shared-memory machines or distributed- memory machines. There are currently technological limitations on shared-memory architectures and so parallel computers utilizing a large number of processors tend tube distributed-memory machines. We are concerned solely with distributed-memory multiprocessors. In such machines, the dominant factor inhibiting faster global computations is inter-processor communication. Communication is dependent upon the topology of the interconnection network, the routing mechanism, the flow control policy, and the method of switching. We are concerned with issues relating to the topology of the interconnection network. The choice of how we connect processors in a distributed-memory multiprocessor is a fundamental design decision. There are numerous, often conflicting, considerations to bear in mind. However, there does not exist an interconnection network that is optimal on all counts and trade-offs have to be made. A multitude of interconnection networks have been proposed with each of these networks having some good (topological) properties and some not so good. Existing noteworthy networks include trees, fat-trees, meshes, cube-connected cycles, butterflies, Möbius cubes, hypercubes, augmented cubes, k-ary n-cubes, twisted cubes, n-star graphs, (n, k)-star graphs, alternating group graphs, de Bruijn networks, and bubble-sort graphs, to name but a few. We will mainly focus on k-ary n-cubes and (n, k)-star graphs in this thesis. Meanwhile, we propose a new interconnection network called augmented k-ary n- cubes. The following results are given in the thesis.1. Let k ≥ 4 be even and let n ≥ 2. Consider a faulty k-ary n-cube Q(^k_n) in which the number of node faults f(_n) and the number of link faults f(_e) are such that f(_n) + f(_e) ≤ 2n - 2. We prove that given any two healthy nodes s and e of Q(^k_n), there is a path from s to e of length at least k(^n) - 2f(_n) - 1 (resp. k(^n) - 2f(_n) - 2) if the nodes s and e have different (resp. the same) parities (the parity of a node Q(^k_n) in is the sum modulo 2 of the elements in the n-tuple over 0, 1, ∙∙∙ , k - 1 representing the node). Our result is optimal in the sense that there are pairs of nodes and fault configurations for which these bounds cannot be improved, and it answers questions recently posed by Yang, Tan and Hsu, and by Fu. Furthermore, we extend known results, obtained by Kim and Park, for the case when n = 2.2. We give precise solutions to problems posed by Wang, An, Pan, Wang and Qu and by Hsieh, Lin and Huang. In particular, we show that Q(^k_n) is bi-panconnected and edge-bipancyclic, when k ≥ 3 and n ≥ 2, and we also show that when k is odd, Q(^k_n) is m-panconnected, for m = (^n(k - 1) + 2k - 6’ / ‘_2), and (k -1) pancyclic (these bounds are optimal). We introduce a path-shortening technique, called progressive shortening, and strengthen existing results, showing that when paths are formed using progressive shortening then these paths can be efficiently constructed and used to solve a problem relating to the distributed simulation of linear arrays and cycles in a parallel machine whose interconnection network is Q(^k_n) even in the presence of a faulty processor.3. We define an interconnection network AQ(^k_n) which we call the augmented k-ary n-cube by extending a k-ary n-cube in a manner analogous to the existing extension of an n-dimensional hypercube to an n-dimensional augmented cube. We prove that the augmented k-ary n-cube Q(^k_n) has a number of attractive properties (in the context of parallel computing). For example, we show that the augmented k-ary n-cube Q(^k_n) - is a Cayley graph (and so is vertex-symmetric); has connectivity 4n - 2, and is such that we can build a set of 4n - 2 mutually disjoint paths joining any two distinct vertices so that the path of maximal length has length at most max{{n- l)k- (n-2), k + 7}; has diameter [(^k) / (_3)] + [(^k - 1) /( _3)], when n = 2; and has diameter at most (^k) / (_4) (n+ 1), for n ≥ 3 and k even, and at most [(^k)/ (_4) (n + 1) + (^n) / (_4), for n ^, for n ≥ 3 and k odd.4. We present an algorithm which given a source node and a set of n - 1 target nodes in the (n, k)-star graph S(_n,k) where all nodes are distinct, builds a collection of n - 1 node-disjoint paths, one from each target node to the source. The collection of paths output from the algorithm is such that each path has length at most 6k - 7, and the algorithm has time complexity O(k(^3)n(^4))
學校游泳池經營模式之探討－以臺北縣為例
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study is to have an in-depth survey and analysis on the reconstruction of government organization, the promotion of private participation, and the various kinds of management models. The paper also studies the management of school sports facilities via literature review so as to the managerial status quos of some school swimming pools in Taipei County.
The study methods adopted were literature review and in-depth interviews. Through data collection, the writer investigated into the numbers of school swimming pools and their present operating systems in Taipei County. The survey focused on schools that contain swimming pools and the in-depth interviews were conducted with school principals, directors of general affairs and chiefs of sports section from Li Yuan Elementary School, Jung Fu Elementary School, Ching Hsing Elementary School, Chung Ching Junior High School, Kuang Jung Junior High School and Fu Ho Junior High School. The collected data and resources from interviews were compiled, coded, recorded and analyzed via content analysis. Each school’s management model and its profits are discussed in the paper and the possibility of adapting new management models is also evaluated.
The research shows that almost all the interviewees agreed with the BOT model for its laborsaving and reduction of work load as well its improvement of service quality.
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