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A laser micromachined probe for recording multiple field potentials in the thalamus
No full textMultichannel recording provides integral information about electrical brain activities at one instant in time. In this study, multielectrode probes were fabricated to record the thalamic field potentials (FPs) responding to the electrical stimulation of nerve at the rat tail. At first, the number of sweeps used to form the evoked FP average and the spatial sampling density were determined by using cross-correlation functions, which were then statistically analyzed. The difference was significant at P < 0.05, if the number of sweeps for averaging was more than 50 and the spatial interval between two consecutive recording sites was less than 50 mum in the anteroposterior, mediolateral and ventrodorsal directions. The responsive area was distributed vertically in the thalamus (ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus); therefore, the recording sites were arranged in one linear array. Sixteen recording sites , which were 50 mum apart from each other, were distributed in the ventrodorsal direction. A 16-channel silicon probe was fabricated by using a standard photolithography process and laser micromachining techniques. The probe provides capabilities to record multiple thalamic evoked FPs and multiunit activities simultaneously. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The Analysis of Possibilities How the Collision Between m/v 'Gdynia' and m/v 'Fu Shan Hai' Could Have Been Avoided
No full textThe report presents the simulation results of collision between m/v “Gdynia” and m/v “Fu Shan Hai”. The analysis was performed by means of decision support in collision situations. This system is based on a structure of programme multiagents using AIS data (Automatic Identification System) with the possibility of cooperation between agents or vessels. The multiagent system of supporting anticollision decisions increases the reliability of navigational information and permits making right decisions, thereby increasing safety at sea
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On Fu Shan`s Style of Literary Punctuation, Annotation and Interpretation: Taking the Ones ofWen Xuan (Selections of Ref ined Literature) for Example
No full text[[abstract]]本文揭示兩項重點：其一，文選學當有"選注"與"選學"之别。此二目可謂自清人《徐攀鳳》與《選學糾何》二書始，其由選注而選學之分界點，當即"選評"，以康熙年間之選學大家何焯居關鍵地位。直至晚近黄季剛始釐清此二詞之概念。黄氏認爲何焯治《選》之方法兼合文義與文章評賞，即合一爐而冶之之選學，有别於清儒諸家"摭拾瑣碎，支蔓？ 綴"之選注。其二，選注當有"古注"與"今注"之别，而《文選》善注所保留之舊注，又當有"古注"、"舊注"之别。此中究竟，不惟關係善注真貌以及古注真相，尤關係"文選"宋本刊刻之源流考辨。本文試舉揚雄"羽獵賦"之古注爲例，並參之其他篇二十三例古注現存之貌，略探"文選"古注與今注、古注與舊注相混之課題。[[abstract]]This paper discusses Fu Shan`s way to punctuate, annotate and interpret literature and summarizes its advantages and disadvantages with selected typical examples. It could be used as a reference to the punctuation and annotation of the literary works in Jibu (集部) , and also presents a new way o f annotating and interpreting in the study of Wen Xuan. Usually, Fu Shan attached great importance to the sentiments of literature while exploring them eanings of the words and sentences in the contexts, and brought forward lots of original and credible opinions by comparing the similar and relative wordings. His analyses and interpretations mostly accorded to the literary standards of the works selected by Xiao Tong. With these specialties, Fu Shan`s literary punctuation, annotation and interpretation were alandmark and transition in the development o f the study of Wen Xuan, and opened up a new world of study in the late Ming and early Qing period
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