1,720,993 research outputs found
Discussion Note: Conceptual Problems in Classical Electrodynamics
Full text linkI have argued that the standard ways of modeling classical particle-field interactions rely on a set of inconsistent assumptions. This claim has been criticized in (Muller forthcoming). In this paper I respond to some of Muller's criticism
Does a Low-Entropy Constraint Prevent Us from Influencing the Past?
Full text linkDavid Albert (2000) and Barry Loewer (2007) have argued that the temporal asymmetry of our concept of causal influence or control is grounded in the statistical mechanical assumption of a low-entropy past. In this paper I critically examine Albert's and Loewer's accounts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analogies in Physics
Full text linkThis thesis investigates what tools are appropriate for answering the question how it is possible to
develop such a complex theory in physics as the standard model of particle physics with only an
access via electromagnetic interaction of otherwise unobservable objects and their interactions it
was investigated what the tools are to do this. The answer is found in the usage of essentially two
types of analogies. These two types are explanatory and predictive analogies. Explanatory analogies
are needed to link observed new phenomena to accepted scientific theoretical models of well-known
phenomena, predictive analogies to find in possible experiments further new phenomena not
already observed.
The possibilities of observation and the related conditions are the main reason to use analogies as
well in the development of theories, as in the representation of experiments especially in high energy
physics, because there we find only charged particles observable via electromagnetic interaction.
Other neutral particles with no charge are concludable only by visualization of their assumed tracks
filling the gaps between the tracks of charged and therefore in some way observable particles. Today
this is only possible with the help of computers evaluating the huge amount of data delivered by
extremely complex detectors using the electromagnetic interaction in different ways. This
visualization is also a kind of analogy because in fact all the particles are not observable directly, only
their electromagnetic interaction if it occurs.
My investigation considered reasons for the following questions: Why in philosophy of science
analogies were neglected during about one hundred years? How can analogies be characterized?
And at last, as point of origination for my investigation where have analogies played an important
role the development of high energy physics from the explanation of the constitution of the atomic
core to the postulation of quarks, mainly in original publications? Important in this task is especially
the consideration of the context which determines in some way the possible directions of
development, however, no direction of development in general.
The intention in my thesis was to shed some more light on the epistemological side of scientific work
in physics and how analogies could help enabling this task. The method used was primarily text
analysis of mostly original publications of leading physicists
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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