1,733 research outputs found
SMT-based Verification of LTL Specifications with Integer Constraintsand its Application to Runtime Checking of Service Substitutability
No full textAn important problem that arises during the execution of service-based applications concerns the ability to determine whether a running service can be substituted with one with a different interface, for example if the former is no longer available. Standard Bounded Model Checking techniques can be used to perform this check, but they must be able to provide answers very quickly, to avoid that the check may affect the operativeness of the application, instead of aiding it. The problem becomes even more complex when conversational services are considered, i.e., services that expose operations that have Input/Output data dependencies among them. In this paper we introduce a formal verification technique for an extension of Linear Temporal Logic that allows users to include in formulae constraints on integer variables. This technique applied to the substitutability problem for conversational services is shown to be considerably faster and with smaller memory footprint than existing ones
Uncertainty, Perception and the Internet
No full textMacroeconomic uncertainty consists of three components: the unobservable, the heterogeneous and the “uncertain”. We are unaware of exactly when economic agents perceive uncertainty and which type of uncertainty interests them. This paper introduces and outlines a way of conducting large-scale data searches on the Web. We create the EURQ index of “economic uncertainty related queries” for both the USA and Italy. We show that the EURQ encapsulates agents’ need to gather more information during periods of uncertainty. This need either spontaneously arises in the case of macro-real and political uncertainty, or is induced by the media in the case of normative and financial uncertainty. This distinction is extremely important when trying to understand the immediate impact of fiscal policy uncertainty on economic variables, and how financial shocks can produce a significant short-term impact on economic activity. It is also helpful when trying to solve the identification and endogeneity issues encountered in the literature when assessing the role of uncertainty
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
: A New Web Search‐based Uncertainty Index
No full textMeasuring economic uncertainty is extremely important for evaluating its role in economic activity.
Nevertheless, measuring uncertainty is a difficult task since we do not know when economic agents
perceive uncertainty and which type of uncertainty affects them. This paper introduces the economic
uncertainty-related queries (EURQ) index, computed for both the USA and Italy, which measures
economic, political, and normative uncertainty through large-scale searches on the Internet. We show
that the EURQ captures economic agents’ need for information in response to uncertainty shocks.
Moreover, we show that this need for information is not just curiosity triggered by press coverage but
rather captures individuals’ genuine interest, particularly in specific topics subject to uncertainty.
Hence, the EURQ can be fruitfully exploited to measure the level of uncertainty perceived by
economic agents and to assess the role of specific types of uncertainty in economic activity
A multidisciplinary approach for the study of an ancient drainage tunnel: preliminary results
No full textA multidisciplinary approach is being used to investigate an ancient draining tunnel, about 70 m long, built in the roman age, used to supply drinkable water to the city of Spellum (now Spello, Central Italy). The surface geological and structural information of the site were integrated with the data acquired by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) extending surficial observations to the subsurface. In the surveyed area the outcrops are made up by the marly Scaglia Variegata and carbonatic Scaglia Rossa Formations, belonging to the Umbria Sequence. As it is well known, the GPR is a non-destructive geophysical tool that provides several advantages over other methods as it can provide continuous, high-resolution data allowing rapid field surveys where the required investigation depth is up to 20 m depth; however in the presence of freactured rocks, water and artificial manufacts many problems are still open. The initial acquisition of structural and stratigraphic measurements on the studied area allowed to plan and set up the radar survey to improve the following phase of interpretation of the geophysical data. The combined analysis of structural, stratigraphic and geophysical data allowed to map at high resolution the underground stratigraphic sequence around the drainage tunnel. It was also possible to detect the water table, and its spatial relationship with the tunnel. The results of this study, in spite of being still in an embryonic state, indicate that the approach can give interesting results: it will define with good details the geologic setting of the site and the local infiltration pattern, in order to provide all the necessary information to protect the historical resource
Constraint LTL Satisfiability Checking without Automata
No full textThis paper introduces a novel technique to decide the satisfiability of formulae
written in the language of Linear Temporal Logic with both future and past
operators and atomic formulae belonging to constraint system D (CLTLB(D) for
short). The technique is based on the concept of bounded satisfiability, and hinges
on an encoding of CLTLB(D) formulae into QF-EUD, the theory of quantifier-
free equality and uninterpreted functions combined with D. Similarly to standard
LTL, where bounded model-checking and SAT-solvers can be used as an alternative
to automata-theoretic approaches to model-checking, our approach allows users
to solve the satisfiability problem for CLTLB(D) formulae through SMT-solving
techniques, rather than by checking the emptiness of the language of a suitable
automaton. The technique is effective, and it has been implemented in our ZOT
formal verification tool
A Bayesian Binomial Regression Model for Ozone Levels in Northern Italy
No full textThis study proposes a Bayesian binomial regression model
for monthly counts of extreme ozone levels. We implement a hierarchical
modeling framework, involving different hierarchies of mixed effects, to
best explain pollution data provided by ARPA Lombardia. We consider
two different daily thresholds, providing two associated datasets count-
ing the number of days above the threshold for each month. The data
are collected over multiple years through a wide network of monitoring
stations. The model we propose accounts for both spatial structure and
time-varying covariates in a convenient and flexible structure. We apply
the same Bayesian model to the two datasets on extreme ozone pollution
in Northern Italy, in particular focusing on potential differences in the
posterior inference
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters for Automotive Design
No full textAs the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon
technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market.
With the emergence of the North East of England as the UK’s first specialised region for the development of ultra-low carbon vehicles (ULCVs), ONE North East, as a development agency for the region's economic and business development, and Northumbria University Ideas-lab have supported a project to facilitate innovation through the collaboration of technology, research and development (R&D) and business. The High Value Low Carbon (HVLC) project aims to envisage
new user value made possible by the integration of low carbon vehicle platforms with new process and network technologies. The HVLC consortium represents vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers as well as technology based companies and through an ongoing process of design concept generation the project offers a hub for innovation led enterprise.
Whilst new technological developments in areas such as power generation, nano materials, hydrogen fuel cells, printed electronics and networked communications will all impact on future automotive design, the mass adoption of low carbon technologies represents a paradigm shift for the motorist. This paper aims to describe how the mapping of new parameters will lead to new transport scenarios that will create the space for new collaborative research on user experiences supported by innovative technologies and related services
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Matteo Maria Boiardo (1441-1494)
No full textMatteo Maria Boiardo – contemporary of Sir Thomas Malory and forerunner of Shakespeare, Spenser, Milton, Cervantes, Tolkien, and C.S. Lewis – is best known as the author of the Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love], a poem in ottava rima organically merging Carolingian epic and Arthurian romance. He was also a lyric and pastoral poet, playwright, and translator of classical texts into the Italian vernacular. Matteo was active in Italy during the years of 1463 throughout 1494, the year of his death
Uno sguardo all'Est. Lavoro e diritti fondamentali in Russia e negli altri Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti
No full textNel contributo l'autore, dopo aver esaminato i diritti fondamentali del lavoro presenti nelle Costituzioni dei Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti, si sofferma sul diritto del lavoro russo. La trattazione, a carattere diacronico, abbraccia i rami principali del diritto del lavoro: il rapporto individuale, le relazioni collettive, il mercato del lavoro. L'autore rileva una sorprendente continuità nelle linee essenziali del diritto del lavoro russo, pur nel susseguirsi di sistemi socioeconomici completamente diversi. Egli conclude che il diritto del lavoro russo appartiene saldamente alla matrice europea della materia.The contribution of the author starts by examining fundamental labour rights recognised by the Constitutions of the Countries of the Community of Independent States. Then the author focuses upon Russian Labour Law, going through the history of the main branches of the discipline: the individual relationship, industrial relations, the labour market. The article finds a surprising continuity in the essential lines of Russian Labour Law, in spite of the completely different socio-economic systems that were experimented in Russia during the twentieth century. The author concludes that Russian Labour Law clearly belongs to the European matrix of the discipline
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