121,823 research outputs found
Methane oxidation efficiency and NMVOCs reduction in a full-scale passive bioifltration system for the treatment of residual landfill gas
No full textThe aim of this study is to assess the abatement of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOCs) in a full-scale prototype (biowindow) constructed for the passive biofiltration of low levels of Landfill Gas (LFG). The prototype was built on an emissive hot spot of the capping layer at Le Fornaci di Monticiano Landfill (SI), an aftercare landfill site. NMVOCs emissions from landfills can cause unpleasant odors, can be toxic for human health and cause an important impact on the environment. As such, is important to characterize the LFG and evaluate the abatement efficiency of the technique adopted for the treatment of LFG. In this study, the composition of the LFG inlet the prototype was characterized in terms of NMVOCs and the dynamic chamber method was used to assess the concentration of NMVOCs emitted at the surface of the biowindow. Three monitoring campaigns were performed, and the methodology applied have permitted to evaluate the NMVOCs abatement and methane (CH4) oxidation efficiency. Regarding CH4oxidation efficiency the results show an average maximum value greater than 95%, while NMVOCs efficiency abatement depends on the functional group of each compound, but the average efficiency is more than 90%
Methane oxidation efficiency in biofiltration systems with different moisture content treating diluted landfill gas
No full textThis study investigates the influence of moisture content on the potential oxidation efficiency of methane (CH4) of biofiltration systems treating landfill gas containing high oxygen concentrations. Column tests filled with compost with different moisture contents (20%, 30%, and 40%) loaded with different methane flows were set up on a laboratory scale. Analyzing the results the following evidences can be summarized: With low methane load (<100 g CH4m-2d-1), a moisture content of 20% was not enough to support bacterial activity, while a moisture content of 40% advantaged the compost respiration assisting it to become the dominating process; with higher methane load (100-300 g CH4 m-2 d-1), a moisture content of 30% resulted in an optimal value to support methanotrophic activity showing the highest CH4 concentration reduction; moving on to a CH4 load above 300 g CH4 m-2 d-1, the inhibition of methanotrophic activity emerged independently to the moisture content of the filter media. The optimal configuration is obtained for a moisture content of 30% and in the case of flows below 200 g CH4 m-2 d-1 for which the oxidation efficiency results higher than 80%
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Grammaticalizzazione, costruzioni e frasi commento in italiano parlato: uno studio empirico
No full textIl fine di questo lavoro è analizzare il comportamento e le funzioni di alcuni marcatori funzionali che definiremo frasi commento. Si tratta di espressioni come credo, mi sa, guarda che – sintatticamente sganciate dall’enunciato ospite – esprimono una funzione meta-linguistica permettendo al parlante di superare i confini della linearità della comunicazione inserendo informazioni di secondo livello. In particolare, studieremo due frasi commento che derivano dalla coppia di verbi percettivi “sentire” e “guardare” attraverso un approccio costruzionista. Posto che le frasi commento non sono riconducibili a casi tipici di grammaticalizzazione, studieremo tali strutture medianteun approccio che guarda alla costruzionalizzazione di contesti sequenziali – al di là dello specifico marcatore. Mostreremo che guarda e senti occorrono in quattro costruzioni, sovrapponendosi solo in due costruzioni in cui assumono funzioni interazionali e testuali.The aim of the paper is to analyse a set of discourse markers from the perspective of construction grammar showing that, despite their similarity, the two markers guarda 'look' and senti 'listen' seem to specialise into different patterns, or constructions, the latter being treated as the output of conventionalisation of structured pairs of form and meaning aspects. 'Guarda' occurs more frequently in argumenative discourse, whereas 'senti' occurs in genuine interactional contexts (attention-getting) and in sequential contexts (such as opening-boundaries in discourse prefacing answers). The two markers belong to different constructions on a global discourse level. Specific meaning aspects are contributed by the co(n)text
A randomized, controlled trial of disability prevention in frail older patients screened in primary care: the FRASI Study. Design and baseline evaluation
No full textBackground and aims: We describe the enrollment and intervention phases of FRASI (FRAilty, Screening and Intervention), a randomized controlled trial aimed at preventing ADL disability in frail older persons screened in primary care. Methods: Patients, 70-85 years old, non-disabled and non-cognitively impaired, were screened for frailty (score <= 9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) during primary care visits. Of 447 eligible persons, 410 came to the study clinic and 251 were randomized into treatment (n=126) and control groups (n=125). The active group received an intensive medical intervention, and sixteen 90-minute supervised exercise sessions over 8 weeks. The primary outcome was time to ADL disability onset or death in the 12-month period after study enrollment. Results: The two study arms were similar for demographics, cognitive function, physical function and health status. Compared with a population-based sample selected according to FRASI inclusion criteria except SPPB score, FRASI participants had significantly worse health and functional status. Restricting the comparison to persons with SPPB <= 9, all differences disappeared. The 99 participants (78.6% of 126) who completed the intervention participated in a mean of 15.3 +/- 1.6 exercise sessions. Conclusions: Screening in primary care for non-disabled, older persons with SPPB <= 9 yields individuals with substantial morbidity, impairments and functional limitations that can be successfully involved in an intensive medical and exercise intervention. (c) 2006, Editrice Kurtis
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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