1,494 research outputs found
Will the Euro Eventually Surpass the Dollar as Leading International Reserve Currency?
Full text linkMight the dollar eventually follow the precedent of the pound and cede its status as leading international reserve currency? Unlike ten years ago, there now exists a credible competitor: the euro. This paper econometrically estimates determinants of the shares of major currencies in the reserve holdings of the world%u2019s central banks. Significant factors include: size of the home country, inflation rate (or lagged depreciation trend), exchange rate variability, and size of the relevant home financial center (as measured by the turnover in its foreign exchange market). We have not found that net international debt position is an important determinant. Network externality theories would predict a tipping phenomenon. Indeed we find that the relationship between currency shares and their determinants is nonlinear (which we try to capture with a logistic function, or else with a dummy %u201Cleader%u201D variable for the largest country). But changes are felt only with a long lag (we estimate a weight on the preceding year%u2019s currency share around .9). The advent of the euro interrupts the continuity of the historical data set. So we estimate parameters on pre-1999 data, and then use them to forecast the EMU era. The equation correctly predicts a (small) narrowing in the gap between the dollar and euro over the period 1999-2004. Whether the euro might in the future rival or surpass the dollar as the world%u2019s leading international reserve currency appears to depend on two things: (1) do the United Kingdom and enough other EU members join euroland so that it becomes larger than the US economy, and (2) does US macroeconomic policy eventually undermine confidence in the value of the dollar, in the form of inflation and depreciation. What we learn about functional form and parameter values helps us forecast, contingent on these two developments, how quickly the euro might rise to challenge the dollar. Under two important scenarios the remaining EU members, including the UK, join EMU by 2020 or else the recent depreciation trend of the dollar persists into the future the euro may surpass the dollar as leading international reserve currency by 2022.
Philipp Melanchthon
Full text linkPhilipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was, with Martin Luther, the most influential reformer of the church during the 16th century. He was also a reformer of university education, especially theological studies, as well as the school system in Germany. He was responsible for a theological curriculum that included Greek, Hebrew, and philosophy. He, as a professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg since 1518, was the author of the first generally accepted Protestant confession, known as the Confessio Augustana (1530). He also wrote the first Protestant commentaries on Paul’s letter to the Romans (1519), as well as the first Protestant handbook in systematic theology (1521). He was the main negotiator of the Protestant movement during the diets and religious discussions with the Roman Catholic Church. He is known as the ‘teacher of Germany and Europe’ and is respected as the father of the ecumenical movement. Yet, Melanchthon is not known to South Africans and especially Afrikaans-speaking people who, traditionally, have close links with the reformational tradition. There is not yet one single publication on Melanchthon in Afrikaans or by a South African scholar, making this book, therefore, the first by an Afrikaans-speaking scholar on Melanchthon
#Bitcoin : an analysis of the field of a decentralized virtual currency using twitter data
No full textAuthor Philipp AllerstorferAbstract in englischer SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
On Philipp Lersch’s Psychology, Reflection No. 2
No full textАвтор статті зазначає, що у 1930–1970 рр. Ф. Лерш був головним представником гуманітарної течії в німецькомовній психології. Наукову класифікацію людських прагнень і стремлінь було
викладено у головній праці Ф. Лерша «Структура особи» (11-те видання 1970 року). Ф. Лерш зумів
об’єднати у своїм творі інформацію із низки наук (біології, психопатології, із різних психологічних
теорій та концепцій).The author of the article notes that in 1930-1970, Philipp Lersch was the main representative of the
humanitarian direction in German psychology. A scientific classification of human aspirations and ambitions
was described in the main work by Philipp Lersch “Building the Person” (11th ed. of 1970). In his work,
Philipp Lersch managed to combine information from a number of sciences (biology, psychopathology, various
psychological theories and concepts)
Deformation Behavior and Damage Modeling of Polypropylene and Polycarbonate
No full textAuthor Philipp Siegfried StelzerKurzfassungen in deutscher und englischer SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
Philipp Timischl x Numeró Art
No full textThis article discusses the intersections of gender and class drag in the work of Austrian artist Philipp Timischl. The essay takes the form of a letter of refusal, discussing why the author is simply too busy, then goes on to discuss other performances of industriousness, from Kevin Floyd's proposal that modern masculinity is a labour based performance through to the artist's own gender enhancing or swapping works
Author Correction: Auto-aggressive CXCR6+ CD8 T cells cause liver immune pathology in NASH
No full textIn this Article, the surname of Tobias Boettler was incorrectly shown as ‘Böttler’, and the surname of author Jan-Philipp Mallm was incorrectly shown as ‘Malm’. The original Article has been corrected online
Philipp Melanchthon: A short introduction
Full text linkPhilipp Melanchthon was one of the most influential theologians of the Reformation of the 16th century. He was responsible for transforming the secondary and tertiary educational systems in Germany. He was responsible for a new theological curriculum. He wrote the first Protestant ‘systematic theology’ and was the author of the Confessio Augustana. He is called the ‘teacher of Germany and Europe’. In spite of all the praises, most South Africans know very little about this important theologian. In this year of jubilee, it is imperative that a short introduction to his life and work be published – in the hope that he would receive more attention in future from South African scholars
Philipp Melanchthon: A short introduction
Full text linkPhilipp Melanchthon was one of the most influential theologians of the Reformation of the 16th century. He was responsible for transforming the secondary and tertiary educational systems in Germany. He was responsible for a new theological curriculum. He wrote the first Protestant ‘systematic theology’ and was the author of the Confessio Augustana. He is called the ‘teacher of Germany and Europe’. In spite of all the praises, most South Africans know very little about this important theologian. In this year of jubilee, it is imperative that a short introduction to his life and work be published – in the hope that he would receive more attention in future from South African scholars.</jats:p
Philipp von Zesen: Orthographiereformer mit niederländischen Vorbildern?
Full text linkUntil now, Philipp von Zesen, the orthography reformer, has been regarded by linguists merely as an outsider; a man whose achievement was entirely due to the particular nature of his reform proposals. He has long been suspected of being influenced by Dutch precedents. In this dissertation twenty Dutch orthographical works and grammars will be compared with Zesen’s proposals for reform, and parallels and divergences examined. It will become clear that Zesen’s proposals for reform were indeed influenced in some ways by the ideas of the Dutch reformers. However, it is impossible to prove an actual link between Zesen and a particular author or group of authors. An explanation for this may certainly be found in the fact that Zesen was a somewhat difficult character, who continued to insist upon the proposals for orthographical reform he had developed in spite of, or possibly even because of, the animosity shown him by his German contemporaries. This dissertation aims to accord Philipp von Zesen the recognition he deserves as an important reformer of German orthography.Der Orthographiereformer Philipp von Zesen erfährt bisher in der Sprachforschung meist die Rolle eines Außenseiters, dessen Bedeutung einzig in der Besonderheit seiner Reformvorschläge liegt. Schon lange besteht die Vermutung, er sei von niederländischen Vorbildern beeinflußt worden. Anhand von zwanzig niederländischen Orthographielehren und Grammatiken wurden Parallelen und Divergenzen zwischen Zesens Reformvorschlägen und den niederländischen Vorstellungen ausgewertet. Dabei ergibt sich, daß Zesens Reformbestrebungen zwar durch die Praxis der niederländischen Reformer diverse Anregungen erhielten. Eine konkrete Beeinflussung Zesens durch einen bestimmten Autor oder eine bestimmte Autorengruppe ist jedoch nicht nachweisbar. Eine Erklärung hierfür ist sicherlich auch die eigenwillige Persönlichkeit Zesens. Er beharrte – trotz oder gerade wegen der Anfeindungen seiner deutschen Zeitgenossen – auf den von ihm selbst entwickelten Vorstellungen für eine Rechtschreibreform. Diese Dissertation soll dazu beitragen, Philipp von Zesen den bedeutenden Platz unter den Reformern der deutschen Orthographie zuzuweisen, der ihm zweifellos gebührt
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