1,720,956 research outputs found
Active Landslide Portions Contribute to Surface Water Concentration: Insights from GIS Analysis and Field Data in the Northern Apennines
No full textThe distribution of small water bodies associated to landslides in a part of the Northern Apennines (Italy) has been explored, for the first time, using GIS analysis, field surveys and geophysical imaging. The analysis on the whole investigated area was performed using the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), a proxy for surface soil moisture patterns based on topographic characteristics. The case studies correspond to two large landslides deep-rooted in the bedrock. The Sauna landslide in the Parma torrent basin and the Berceto landslide in the Taro river basin, have been investigated through field work, geophysics, boreholes and radiocarbon dating for the time constraints of the water bodies. The TWI analysis carried out both at the regional and the case-study scale has shown that low values of this index (drier areas) are more associated with inactive landslides portions, whereas higher values (wetter areas) are more associated with active portions. The analyses on the case studies highlighted that the condition characterized by wet soil and/or the presence of small water bodies are spatially persistent across time in correspondence of the same portion of the landslide that preserves landforms able to maintain these waters. As highlighted by geophysics, these landforms are in connection with deep shapes of the sliding/rupture surface of the landslide that mimic those at the surface
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Geophysical signature of a World War I tunnel-like anomaly in the Forni Glacier (Punta Linke, Italian Alps)
Full text linkGlobal warming and the associated glacier retreat recently revealed the entrance to an ice–rock tunnel, at an altitude of ~3600 m a.s.l., in the uppermost portion of the Forni Glacier in the Central Italian Alps. The tunnel served as an entrance to an Austro-Hungarian cableway station excavated in the rocks during the Great War just behind the frontline. A comprehensive geophysical survey, based on seismic and ground-penetrating radar profiling, was then undertaken to map other possible World War I (WWI) remains still embedded in the ice. The ice–rock interface was reconstructed over the entire saddle and in the uppermost portion of the glacier. A prominent linear reflector was surprisingly similar to the common response of buried pipes. The reflector orientation, almost longitudinal to the slope, does not seem to be compatible with a glacial conduit or with other natural features. Numerical simulations of a series of possible targets constrained interpretation to a partly water-filled rounded shape cavity. The presence of a preserved WWI tunnel connecting Mount Vioz and Punta Linke could be considered a realistic hypothesis. The Forni glacier could be still considered polythermal and comprised of cold ice without basal sliding in its top portion
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Frequency domain electromagnetic calibration for improved detection of sand intrusions in river embankments
No full textSand intrusions pose significant risks to river embankments due to potential flow pathways that can lead to instability during flood events. Visual inspection is a first step to recognize critical segments, but it does not deliver information about the subsurface. In this context, the electromagnetic induction (EMI) technique is a useful method for preliminary zoning at regional scale while the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method, widely used for hydrological purposes, is considered among the most reliable techniques for local subsurface imaging. A major sand intrusion within the levees of the Brenta River, located near Venice (northern Italy), resulted in water seeping during seasonal floods and posed severe threats to embankment stability. ERT and EMI techniques, along with geotechnical investigations, were the best survey choices to address the problem. Resistivity profiling successfully imaged the sand body geometry within and underneath the levee, and results correlated nicely with borehole stratigraphy. A first multiarray EMI device, which represented a faster and less expensive survey, was deployed to map further anomalies along nearby levees, but results were not satisfactory because the inverted profile failed to image the known intrusion. A second multiarray EMI device, with larger coil spacing, was also tested. Although it performed better in detecting the intrusion, results were still below expectations. A calibration procedure based on Pearson’s coefficients and using ERT as a reference was then devised and implemented to correct the EMI data prior to carrying out inversion. The procedure was successful for both EMI data sets, leading to realistic subsurface resistivity in the inverted sections. EMI measurements could then be recovered and interpreted correctly to estimate subsurface textures. The possibility of calibrating EMI data and obtaining subsurface resistivity images comparable to standard ERT profiling is an important improvement for cost-effective EMI surveying of river embankments to mitigate flood hazards
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