1,720,959 research outputs found
Sharing Big Data in Health Care: Focus on the Role Played by Co-regulatory Instruments in Light of the New European Health Data Space
No full textBig data and AI are revolutionizing data processing in health care. The new paradigm of data-driven decision making will lead primary activities, such as the provision of care services, as well as secondary health care purposes, like clini-cal research. However, the extraction of knowledge from big data in health care depends on the possibility for stakeholders to share and connect datasets in compliance with data protection law requirements. In this regard, the EU Data Strategy seeks to foster data sharing for public benefit.
The EU Commission, in the preparatory works for the European Health Data Space, has stressed that issues related to GDPR compliance could hinder the sharing and the re-use of data in health care. Namely, two order of problems may be highlighted in this perspective: 1) the special regime for health data pro-cessing in GDPR, which allows MS to add even stricter data protection rules; 2) margins of choice for data controllers and processors about how to implement technical and organisational measures for reaching GDPR compliance, according to the risk-based approach.
According to the EU Commission, legal uncertainty might be mitigated by adopting co-regulatory measures, such as a Code of Conduct for the sharing of health data. A Code of Conduct (articles 40 and 41 GDPR) could establish common ways to interpret and comply with loose GDPR requirements and prin-ciples, therefore creating harmonization. However, given the legal fragmentation typical of the health domain among MS, the elaboration of an EU-wide Code of Conduct for personal data processing could not bring the desired effects. More-over, some doubts concern the lack of legal effects produced by a Code of Conduct on the burden of proof for data controllers. Finally, also costs and complexities linked to the elaboration of GDPR co-regulatory instruments may hamper the diffusion of these mechanisms.
The paper discusses opportunities and limits of GDPR co-regulatory mecha-nisms, considering the forthcoming European Health Data Space. It is argued that despite legal and governance reasoning are theoretically correct about the role of these instruments, their spread is limited once the reasoning is linked to market and economic aspects
Equality in Healthcare AI: Did Anyone Mention Data Quality?
Get PDFThis article explores how the concept of equality is affected by the techno-logical developments in healthcare, focusing on AI. In this regard, the article develops that in AI healthcare systems ensuring data quality is pivotal when trying to ensure theimplementation of the principle of equality. Analysing the European Commission9s pro-posed AI Act, we highlight how horizontal rules, coupled with standardisation, can achieve data quality in AI based healthcare technologies. The article concludes with a reflection on remaining grey areas that require further elaboration by the European legislator
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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