135 research outputs found
Variazioni istomorfometriche del femore di Gallus gallus nel corso dell'accrescimento postnatale
No full textBone defects : molecular and cellular therapeutic targets
No full textBone defects are one of the most serious pathologies that need tissue regeneration therapies. Studies on mesenchymal stem cells are changing the way we treat bone diseases. MSCs have been used for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatasia, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this context, it is becoming ever more clear that the future of therapies will be based on the use of stem cells. In this concise review, we highlight the importance of the use of MSCs in bone diseases, focusing on the role of histone deacetylases and Wnt pathways involved in osteogenesis. A better understanding of MSC biology and osteogenesis is needed in order to develop new and targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone diseases/disorders
Identification, isolation, characterization, and banking of human dental pulp stem cells
No full textDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be found within the "cell rich zone" of the dental pulp. Their embryonic origin, from neural crests, explains their multipotency. Up to now, it has been demonstrated that these cells are capable of producing bone tissue, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as a simil-dentin tissue, in vitro. In addition, it has been reported that these cells differentiate into adipocytes, endotheliocytes, melanocytes, neurons, and glial cells and can be easily cryopreserved and stored for long periods of time and retain their multipotency and bone-producing capacity. Moreover, recent attention has been focused on tissue engineering and on the properties of these cells: several scaffolds have been used to promote 3D tissue formation and studies have demonstrated that DPSCs show good adherence and bone tissue formation on microconcavity surface textures. In addition, adult bone tissue with good vascularization has been obtained in grafts. Interestingly, they seem to possess immunoprivileges as they can be grafted into allogenic tissues and seem to exert anti-inflammatory abilities, like many other mesenchymal stem cells. Their recent use in clinical trials for bone repair enforces the notion that DPSCs can be used successfully in patients. Therefore, their isolation, selection, differentiation, and banking are of great importance. The isolation technique used in most laboratories is based on the use of flow cytometry with cell sorter termed FACS (fluorescent activated cell sorter). It is now important to obtain new methods/protocols to select and isolate stem cells without staining by fluorescent markers or use of magnetic beads. These new procedures should be based on biophysical differences among the different cell populations in order to obtain interesting peculiarities for implementation in biomedical/clinical laboratories. It is emphasized that the new methods must address simplicity and short times of preparation and use of samples, complete sterility of cells, the potential disposable, low cost and complete maintenance of the viability, and integrity of the cells with real-time response for subsequent applications in the biomedical/clinical/surgical fields
Methods for the Identification, Characterization and Banking of Human DPSCs : Current Strategies and Perspectives
No full textDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), originating from neural crests, can be found within dental pulp. Up to now, it has been demonstrated that these cells are capable of producing bone tissue, both in vitro and in vivo and differentiate into adipocytes, endotheliocytes, melanocytes, neurons, glial cells, and can be easily cryopreserved and stored. Moreover, recent attention has been focused on tissue engineering and on the properties of these cells. In addition, adult bone tissue with good vascularisation has been obtained in grafts. The latest use in clinical trials for bone repair enforces the notion that DPSCs can be used successfully in patients. Therefore, their isolation, selection, differentiation and banking is of great importance. The isolation and detection techniques used in most laboratories are based on the use of antibodies revealed by flow-cytometers with cell sorter termed FACS (fluorescent activated cell sorter). In this report, we focus our attention on the main procedures used in the selection of DPSCs by flow cytometry, cell culture, freezing/thawing, cell cycle evaluation, histochemistry/immunofluorescence and differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, new methods/protocols to select and isolate stem cells without staining by fluorescent markers for implementation in biomedical/clinical laboratories are discuss. We emphasize that the new methods must address simplicity and short times of preparation and use of samples, complete sterility of cells, the potential disposable, low cost and complete maintenance of the viability and integrity of the cells with real-time response for subsequent applications in the biomedical/clinical/surgical fields
Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization.
No full textPrimary tumors are responsible for 10%
of cancer deaths. In most cases, the main cause of
mortality is the formation of metastases. Accumulating
evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells with
distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor
initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation. This
population is defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Existing
therapies have enhanced the length of survival after
diagnosis of cancer but have completely failed in terms of
recovery. CSCs appear to be resistant to chemotherapy,
may remain quiescent for extended periods, and have
affinity for hypoxic environments. The CSCs can be
identified and isolated by different methodologies, including
isolation by CSC-specific cell surface marker
expression, detection of side population phenotype by
Hoechst 33342 exclusion, assessment of their ability to
grow as floating spheres, and aldehyde dehydrogenase
(ALDH) activity assay. None of the methods mentioned
are exclusively used to isolate the solid tumor CSCs,
highlighting the imperative to delineate more specific
markers or to use combinatorial markers and methodologies.
This review provides an overview of the main
characteristics and approaches used to identify, isolate,
and characterize CSCs from solid tumors.—Tirino, V.,
Desiderio, V., Paino, F., De Rosa, A., Papaccio, F., La
Noce, M., Laino, L., De Francesco, F., Papaccio, G.
Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new
approaches for their isolation and characterization.
FASEB J. 27, 000–000 (2013). www.fasebj.or
Increased expression of CB2 receptor in the intestinal biopsies of children with inflammatory bowel disease
No full textObjectives: The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in inflammation and immune cell modulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated the association between the CNR2 rs35761398 polymorphism and the risk for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we analyzed the intestinal biopsies from Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) pediatric patients at the diagnosis to evaluate the expression of CB2 and several factors associated with IBD inflammatory pathways. Methods: We enrolled five patients with CD, five with UC, and five controls (CTR). We analyzed ileum and rectum biopsies from patients of each group evaluating the expression of CB2, Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: Western blot analysis showed a significant increase of CB2 in the CD ileum and in the UC rectum biopsies and an increase of TLR4 in the UC rectum. We also observed a significant over-expression of the IL-6 in UC rectum. The immunofluorescence analysis confirmed western blot data, showing also a T-lymphocytes infiltration colocalized with CB2 expression in the CD ileum and UC rectum. Conclusions: Our results show an upregulation of CB2 in pediatric IBD, which might have implications for drug discovery. Impact: The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in the inflammation and modulation of the immune response in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CB2 receptor is more expressed in the inflamed intestine of pediatric IBD patients. CB2 could be used as a potential therapeutic target to reduce IBD-related inflammatory state in childhood
"Messor lo frate sole": sublime francescano in Luigi Fallacara
No full textLa parola tematica «sole» è topos in tutta la produzione di Luigi Fallacara; il simbolismo solare nell’immaginario del poeta, passando attraverso una progressiva evoluzione dell’imprinting paesaggistico e di un iniziale manierismo paganeggiante, appartiene all’estetica del sublime mistico-francescano, che si manifesta nella sintesi di dolore e di amore
Concise review: cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells: influence in cancer development
No full textTumors are composed of different types of cancer cells that contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Among these populations of cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Like their stem cells counterpart, CSCs are also characterized by self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate. A particular population of CSCs is constituted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that differentiate into cells of mesodermal characteristics. Several studies have reported the potential pro-or anti-tumorigenic influence of MSCs on tumor initiation and progression. In fact, MSCs are recruited to the site of wound healing to repair damaged tissues, an event that is also associated with tumorigenesis. In other cases, resident or migrating MSCs can favor tumor angiogenesis and increase tumor aggressiveness. This interplay between MSCs and cancer cells is fundamental for cancerogenesis, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, an interesting topic is the relationship between cancer cells, CSCs, and MSCs, since contrasting reports about their respective influences have been reported. In this review, we discuss recent findings related to conflicting results on the influence of normal and CSCs in cancer development. The understanding of the role of MSCs in cancer is also important in cancer management
Cytometry and Pathology
No full textFlow cytometry is a technology that simultaneously measures and analyzes multiple physical characteristics of single particles, usually cells, using an optical-to-electronic coupling system. A wide range of applications are discussed for this tool, ranging from traditional immunology to monitoring of cell transfection and/or screening of protein libraries. Moreover, new exciting insights into ongoing developments are introduced, including automation, laboratory integration, and software advances
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