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Knowledge and Craft of Urban Agendas
No full textCurrently, international policy studies on urban agendas have gained great momentum. Indeed, important cross-disciplinary insights are being proposed in case study analysis of agenda-setting processes in comparative policy research. Urban agendas are conceived as communicative acts and analyzed in literature as policy discourses, to the extent they constitute an influential representation of urban reality, framing problems and setting a hierarchy of relevant issues. Our research has more to do with urban agendas as attempts to address the challenges that urbanization poses for governments, as a field of public policy: an urban agenda is a type of policy instrument to frame urban problems, and organize related urban policymaking.
As a policy instrument, urban agendas can be operationalized through various tools and techniques: legislation acts; new or redesigned urban policy programmes and non-urban public policies; proceduralized tasks and ad-hoc institutions; newly established bodies of government and dedicated administrative units; frameworks for intergovernmental, public-private cooperation, for coordination; financial devices; expert task forces, and so on. The urban agenda may be comprised of many issues or be very selective with only a few issues. As regards the expected effects, it might contain redistributive issues according to a social urban agenda, and distributive issues as well, pursuing a centralized or decentralized state-sponsored urban development. The social face of urban agendas is more conditioned by ideological factors (Kantor 2013) and the influence of national coalitions of interests, conservative, socialist, or progressive ideas. Even in contexts where extreme liberalism is predominant, there are measures for the disadvantaged and for the reduction of social disparities within some hope of urban social welfare.
As such, they are not neutral tools of public policy, as far as the system of values on which they are constructed and which they aim to pursue is concerned. We argue, therefore, that urban agendas not only transform their configurations, scopes, and ranges of application over time; they also reveal a (changing) policy narrative, a way of conceiving cities and urban that has significant consequences in terms of how implementation tools are “framed”.
Attribution of the chapters' sections: Francesca Gelli is the contributor for Sects. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and Matteo Basso for Sects. 5 and 6.
The chapter presents the theoretical foundations and the interpretative framework of the volume: "Identifying Models of National Urban Agendas. A View to the Global Transition", which is the outcome of a comparative research involving 22 researchers and 12 international case studies. The comparative research was first developed within the Jean Monnet Chair “The Urban and Territorial dimension of EU policies” held by Francesca Gelli (from 2016 to 2019) at the University Iuav of Venice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Politics of U.S. Urban Agendas: Ideology, Government and Public Policies
No full textThe chapter offers a detailed examination of the American national urban agenda and policies from the early decades of the twentieth century to the present day. It explains the complex web of demographic and macroeconomic dynamics that affect urban agenda-setting. Aspects of political culture and ideology are thematized in discussing policy design features of “explicitly urban” and “non-urban” governmental policymaking, concluding that the governance of democratic federalism is a determinant feature in American urban policies.
In the evolution of American national urban policy different alternating policy design approaches can be observed. A distinctive feature is the prevailing technical or socio-political constructions of policy problems related to the rationality of planning at work—whether the “design attitude” moves beyond ideas of technical innovation and social engineering, based on powerful social theories, professional problem solving and ex-ante policy integration, or whether a more interactive designing is under experiment, with open and participated problem-solving, incremental coordination, inspired by ideas of social innovation and democratic design thinking. Several types of important factors come into play in the enterprise of urban agendas at the national level. Political and legal resources, public scrutiny, expert advice and advocacy planning, academic involvement matter a lot; but the ability to activate local resources is essential to the goal. During specific periods, the influential leadership of charismatic Presidents was crucial to give impetus to a political agenda for urban America. Political and ideological consensus, budget constraints, unforeseen events conditioned the results for change. But policy narratives describing urban conditions and potential for innovation produced new powerful representations of America and its future, becoming a frame for action with influential legacies in the aftermath.
The U.S. case is well suited to come up with generalizations on urban agendas. Differently from other countries where the stimulus to a domestic national urban agenda derives from policy transfer mechanisms, under the influence of supranational or international organizations—by adaptation, or imitation, rarely coercion—and/or in the opportunity of global urban policy agendas, the U.S. governmental system elaborated its own methods and schemes of intervention. The U.S. case offers a wide range of innovative formulations of urban-related program policies, which have been a source of policy transfer for policy design. It is a critical case for policy learning from both an understanding-oriented and an action-oriented perspective, and it is also a paradigmatic case as it has a prototypical value and sets the standards for policy research on urban agendas. U.S. urban policy over the time frame considered herein has been a reference model in urban policy studies, acknowledged worldwide.
The case study presented in the chapter served as the foundation for the development of the theoretical-conceptual framework and the research guidelines for the empirical analysis of the 12 international case studies included in the volume "Identifying Models of Nationa Urban Agendas. A View to the Global Transition", to which 22 researchers have contributed. This book encompasses the results of a comparative research project entitled "Models of national urban agendas in perspective", developed within the Jean Monnet Chair “The Urban and Territorial dimension of EU policies” held by Francesca Gelli (from 2016 to 2019) at the University Iuav of Venice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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