1,721,006 research outputs found
Francesca Antonelli. Scrivere e sperimentare. Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier, segretaria della "nuova chimica" (1771-1836)
Full text linkObra ressenyada: Francesca ANTONELLI, Scrivere e sperimentare. Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier, segretaria della "nuova chimica" (1771-1836). Roma: Viella, 2022. ISBN 979125469194
Lavoisier and Music: an Analysis of Notes sur la Musique (1778) within Its Cultural Context
No full textNotes sur la Musique are a set of notes devoted by the French chemist Antoine Laurent
Lavoisier (1743–1794) to music theory and in particular to the rules for correct
composition. Given its subject matter, Notes constitutes a unicum in Lavoisier’s corpus
that has been little studied and never published. This essay will present the initial
results of an in-depth analysis of this manuscript, followed by a transcription of the
text. It will be argued that a large part of the Notes were derived from the writings of
Alexandre Théophile Vandermonde (1735–1796), a mathematician who collaborated
with Lavoisier on his scientific experiments, but who also developed his own system
of harmony. After a brief examination of Vandermonde’s contributions to music
theory, various passages from Lavoisier’s Notes will be evaluated in order to show
the link between the two scientists’ perspectives on music. Some of Vandermonde’s
unpublished papers will also be taken into consideration. On the basis of this analysis,
hypotheses will be advanced regarding the circumstances that could have led Lavoisier
to take an interest in music theory. Overall, this paper will shed light on a little-known
side of Lavoisier’s cultural interests and activities and provide elements that could contribute
to a better understanding of his Notes sur la Musique
Meghan K. Roberts, Sentimental Savants. Philosophical Families in Enlightenment France
No full textRevie
Alchimia e chimica nel Settecento. Antologia di testi
No full textLa chimica del Settecento è una scienza soggetta a rapide e profondissime trasformazioni. Per molti versi questi cambiamenti coesistono con la persistenza di concetti attinti dalla tradizione alchemica: mentre personalità autorevoli come Guillaume François Rouelle e Pierre Joseph Macquer credono ancora nella trasmutazione dei metalli vili in oro, l’immagine dell’alchimia che traspare dall’Encyclopédie di Diderot e d’Alembert è quella di un corpo di nozioni e pratiche sperimentali tutt’altro che estinto. I progressi sorprendenti della chimica tecnica e le sensazionali scoperte sulla natura dei gas minano però profondamente questo quadro, favorendo l’emergere di teorie della materia completamente nuove. È soprattutto il chimico francese Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) a fare da protagonista in questo mutamento di orizzonte. Se con gli esperimenti sulla natura composta dell’acqua Lavoisier sgretola definitivamente la teoria aristotelica dei quattro elementi, con la scoperta dei meccanismi che presiedono alla respirazione umana apre nuovi scenari, nella chimica come nella medicina. L’importanza delle sue scoperte, in particolare quella dell’ossigeno, fu tale che non mancò chi cercò di rinnovare, intorno ad esse, l’antico sogno alchemico dell’elisir di lunga di vita. L’antologia propone una serie di testi rappresentativi di questi dibattiti e scoperte, documentandone lo sviluppo in modo da farne risaltare la straordinaria ricchezza culturale
Women in Secrets: Medical Inventions between Household, Guilds and Small Scale-Economy
No full textChapters Index: 1. From the Margins to Ubiquity? The Connective Tissue of Early Modern Medicine;
2. The Context: Secrets by “particular persons” or particolari; 3. Women between Artisans of Secrets and the Apothecary Guild; 4. Angela Sala: A Written Licence to Cure; 5. Marietta Colochi salaried physician; 6. Inventor Giulia Tartara and her daughter Orsetta; 7. Maria Vezzali and her grandchildren, handlers of a chemical secret; 8. Caterina Pasetti and Elisabetta Bonetti, between distillers and apothecaries; 9. Caterina Pontano and a formula worth 200 gold ducats; 10. Caterina Melchiori, Francesca Mascotela and two Anna Marias: provincial aristocrats and female apothecaries; 11. Margaret Paston and her Venetian ‘foundry’ or ‘laboratory’: at the intersection between two worlds; 12. Lucietta Visomio, Elisabetta Amorosi Manini and the Legnaghi sisters: the evolution of secrets; 13. Conclusion
Gendered Touch. Women, Men, and Knowledge-making in Early Modern Europe
No full textThis book aims at exploring how practical expertise, textual learning, and the gendered bodies intersected with the production of knowledge in early modern Europe. Gendered touch looks at both how representations of gendered bodies contributed to the production of knowledge, and at how practice itself was gendered. By exploring new archival material and by reading anew printed sources, the book inquiries about how knowledge was produced, translated, appropriated, and transmitted among different kinds of actors – both women and men – such as craftspeople, physicians, alchemists, apothecaries, music theorists, natural philosophers, and natural historians
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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