55 research outputs found
Bioinformatische Analyse der NUGAT-Studie (NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins)
No full textFrahnow T. Bioinformatische Analyse der NUGAT-Studie (NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins). Potsdam: Universität Potsdam; 2016.Dissertation der Universität Potsdam, 201
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 is Regulated Through Dietary Fat Intake and Heritability: Studies in Twins
No full textEngstler AJ, Frahnow T, Kruse M, Pfeiffer AFH, Bergheim I. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 is Regulated Through Dietary Fat Intake and Heritability: Studies in Twins. Twin Research and Human Genetics. 2017;20(04):338-348
Bioinformatic analysis of the NUGAT study (NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins)
No full textDurch die Zunahme metabolischer Stoffwechselstörungen und Erkrankungen in der Weltbevölkerung wird in der Medizin und den Lebenswissenschaften vermehrt nach Präventionsstrategien und Ansatzpunkten gesucht, die die Gesundheit fördern, Erkrankungen verhindern helfen und damit auch die Gesamtlast auf die Gesundheitssysteme erleichtern. Ein Ansatzpunkt wird dabei in der Ernährung gesehen, da insbesondere der Konsum von gesättigten Fetten die Gesundheit nachträglich zu beeinflussen scheint. Dabei wird übersehen, dass in vielen Studien Hochfettdiäten nicht ausreichend von den Einflüssen einer zum Bedarf hyperkalorischen Energiezufuhr getrennt werden, sodass die Datenlage zu dem Einfluss von (gesättigten) Fetten auf den Metabolismus bei gleichbleibender Energieaufnahme noch immer unzureichend ist.
In der NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins-Studie wurden 46 Zwillingspaare (34 monozygot, 12 dizygot) über einen Zeitraum von sechs Wochen mittels einer kohlenhydratreichen, fettarmen Diät nach Richtlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung für ihr Ernährungsverhalten standardisiert, ehe sie zu einer kohlenhydratarmen, fettreichen Diät, die insbesondere gesättigte Fette enthielt, für weitere sechs Wochen wechselten. Beide Diäten waren dem individuellen Energiebedarf der Probanden angepasst, um so sowohl akut nach einerWoche als auch längerfristig nach sechs Wochen Änderungen des Metabolismus beobachten zu können, die sich in der vermehrten Aufnahme von (gesättigten) Fetten begründeten.
Die über die detaillierte Charakterisierung der Probanden an den klinischen Untersuchungstagen generierten Datensätze wurden mit statistischen und mathematischen Methoden (z.B. lineare gemischte Modellierung) analysiert, die der Größe der Datensätze und damit ihrem Informationsvolumen angepasst waren.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die metabolisch gesunden und relativ jungen Probanden, die eine gute Compliance zeigten, im Hinblick auf ihren Glukosestoffwechsel adaptieren konnten, indem die Akutantwort nach einer Woche im Nüchterninsulin und dem Index für Insulinresistenz in den weiteren fünf Wochen ausgeglichen wurde.
Der Lipidstoffwechsel in Form der klassischen Marker wie Gesamtcholesterin, LDL und HDL war dagegen stärker beeinflusst und auch nach insgesamt sechs Wochen deutlich erhöht.
Letzteres unterstützt die Beobachtung im Transkriptom des weißen, subkutanen Fettgewebes, bei der eine Aktivierung der über die Toll-like receptors und das Inflammasom vermittelten subklinischen Inflammation beobachtet werden konnte.
Die auftretenden Veränderungen in Konzentration und Komposition des Plasmalipidoms zeigte ebenfalls nur eine teilweise und auf bestimmte Spezies begrenzte Gegenregulation.
Diesbezüglich kann also geschlussfolgert werden, dass auch die isokalorische Aufnahme von (gesättigten) Fetten zu Veränderungen im Metabolismus führt, wobei die Auswirkungen in weiteren (Langzeit-)Studien und Experimenten noch genauer untersucht werden müssen. Insbesondere wäre dabei ein längerer Zeitraum unter isokalorischen Bedingungen von Interesse und die Untersuchung von Probanden mit metabolischer Vorbelastung (z.B. Insulinresistenz).
Darüber hinaus konnte in NUGAT aber ebenfalls gezeigt werden, dass die Nutrigenetik und Nutrigenomik zwei nicht zu vernachlässigende Faktoren darstellen. So zeigten unter anderem die Konzentrationen einiger Lipidspezies eine starke Erblichkeit und Abhängigkeit der Diät.
Zudem legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass laufende wie geplante Präventionsstrategien und medizinische Behandlungen deutlich stärker den Patienten als Individuum mit einbeziehen müssen, da die Datenanalyse interindividuelle Unterschiede identifizierte und Hinweise lieferte, dass einige Probanden die nachteiligen, metabolischen Auswirkungen einer Hochfettdiät besser ausgleichen konnten als andere.Based on the increasing incidence of metabolic disorders and diseases in the world population, medicine and life sciences aim for (new) prevention strategies and targets to promote health, prevent diseases and thereby ease the overall financial burden on health systems. One approach is seen in diet and nutrition. According to recent studies and nutritional guide lines, especially the consumption of saturated fats affects health negatively. Nevertheless, in many studies high fat diets are not separated from the influences of a hypercaloric energy intake. In conclusion the available data for the isolated effects of (saturated) fats on metabolism are still insufficient.
In the NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins study, 46 healthy twin pairs (34 monozygotic, 12 dizygotic) were standardized for their nutritional behavior over a period of six weeks on a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet according to the DGE guidelines. This standardization was followed by an interventional low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for another six weeks. Both diets were isocaloric to the individuals' requirements in order to evaluate rapid after 1 week) and long-term (after 6 weeks) effects on metabolism, which were based on the higher intake of (saturated) fatty acids.
The data sets, which were generated by a detailed characterization of the subjects at the clinical investigation days, were analyzed with statistical and mathematical methods (e.g. linear mixed modeling), which aimed to cover the size of the data sets and thereby the whole amount of information within the data sets.
We could show that the metabolically healthy and relatively young subjects, who showed good compliance, were able to adapt in terms of their glucose metabolism, since the acute increase after one week in fasting insulin and the loss of insulin sensitivity was balanced after additional five weeks. In contrast, lipid metabolism, represented by the classical marker total cholesterol as well as LDL and HDL, was more strongly influenced and still increased after six weeks on high-fat diet.
The latter supports the observations in the transcriptome of white, subcutaneous adipose tissue, where Toll-like receptors and inflammasome seemed to mediate the activation of a low-grade inflammation.
The changes occurring in the concentration and composition of the plasma lipidome also showed a partial counterregulation limited to certain lipid species.
In this regard, we conclude that independent of the energy intake, the consumption of (saturated) fatty acids leads to changes in metabolism, although further studies and experiments are needed to investigate the isolated effects further. Especially studies of extended periods under isocaloric conditions and studies in patients with pathological conditions (e.g. insulin resistance) would be of interest.
Nevertheless, the results in NUGAT emphasize the importance of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, since the concentrations of some lipid species seemed to be highly heritable and diet-dependent.
Moreover, our results suggest that ongoing and planned prevention strategies and medical treatments have to treat patients much more as individuals. Our analysis identified interindividual differences and indicated that some participants were able to compensate the adverse and unfavorable metabolic effects of a high fat diet better than others
High‐Saturated‐Fat Diet Increases Circulating Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme, Which Is Enhanced by the rs4343 Polymorphism Defining Persons at Risk of Nutrient‐Dependent Increases of Blood Pressure
No full textSchüler R, Osterhoff MA, Frahnow T, et al. High‐Saturated‐Fat Diet Increases Circulating Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme, Which Is Enhanced by the rs4343 Polymorphism Defining Persons at Risk of Nutrient‐Dependent Increases of Blood Pressure. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017;6(1): e004465
Author Correction: IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling
No full textSheng X, Nenseth HZ, Qu S, et al. Author Correction: IRE1alpha-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling. Nature Communications . 2024;15(1): 6190
The usability of a Norwegian adaptation of the Childrens Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2) in differentiating between language impaired and non-language impaired 6-to 12-year-olds
No full textThe usability of a Norwegian adaptation of the Childrens Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2) in differentiating between language impaired and non-language impaired 6- to 12-year-olds. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the Norwegian adaptation of the Childrens Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2) differentiates between a language impaired and a non-language impaired population and to make a first evaluation of the psychometric qualities of the questionnaire on a Norwegian sample. A total of 153 children aged 6-12 years participated in the study (45 language impaired and 108 non-language impaired). The Norwegian adaptation of the CCC-2 distinguished language impaired from non-language impaired children and thus seems to provide a useful screening tool for communication impairments in Norwegian children. The reliability of the CCC-2 appeared to be reasonable with internal consistency values ranging from 0.73 to 0.89.This is the author version of the following article:Wenche Andersen Helland, Eva Biringer, Turid Helland and Mikael Heimann , The usability of a Norwegian adaptation of the Childrens Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2) in differentiating between language impaired and non-language impaired 6-to 12-year-olds, 2009, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, (50), 3, 287-292.which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00718.xCopyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltdhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com
The Power of Ethnography: A Useful Approach to Researching Politics
Full text linkThis article explores and argues the suitability of ethnographic methods, primarily participant observation, in the research of politics, and in the construction of concepts for theory building. The argument is sustained by using a case study of a network of political clientelism and some instances of vote-buying in a native village in Mexico City. The author maintains that long-term participant observation is particularly well suited to discover puzzles and incongruities, which invite abductive reasoning, and allow for unplanned findings and new insights. Issues of legitimacy, moral universes and life-worlds, as well as tacit knowledge, local discourses and silences, are researchable with this methodological approach. The author suggests the study of politics would benefit from more scholars employing these methods.acceptedVersio
The Power of Ethnography: A Useful Approach to Researching Politics
No full textThis article explores and argues the suitability of ethnographic methods, primarily participant observation, in the research of politics, and in the construction of concepts for theory building. The argument is sustained by using a case study of a network of political clientelism and some instances of vote-buying in a native village in Mexico City. The author maintains that long-term participant observation is particularly well suited to discover puzzles and incongruities, which invite abductive reasoning, and allow for unplanned findings and new insights. Issues of legitimacy, moral universes and life-worlds, as well as tacit knowledge, local discourses and silences, are researchable with this methodological approach. The author suggests the study of politics would benefit from more scholars employing these methods
Costs and Benefits of Alternative Scholarly Publishing Models: Lessons and Developments
No full textThe
JISC
study
Economic
implications
of
alternative
scholarly
publishing
models:
Exploring
the
costs
and
benefits
,
released
early
in
2009,
focused
on
three
alternative
models
for
scholarly
publishing:
subscription
or
toll
access
publishing,
open
access
publishing
using
the
author
‐
pays
model,
and
self
‐
archiving.
The
research
approach
involved
a
combination
of
process
mapping,
activity
costing
and
macro
‐
economic
modelling.
Since
its
release,
there
have
been
six
follow
‐
on
studies
applying
elements
of
the
same
basic
methodology.
This
paper
describes
the
research
approach
and
explores
some
of
the
major
issues
arising
and
lessons
learned
from
this
ongoing
research.
Drawing
on
experience
from
a
number
of
studies
and
countries,
it
attempts
to
distil
and
summarise
the
key
research
issues
and
policy
messages
arising
Prácticas políticas cotidianas en un pueblo originario en México D.F.: El papel de chismes y rumores.
No full textIn this article the author explores the function of rumors and gossip as part of everyday political practices in the native village of San Lorenzo Acopilco. A number of social practices in this town create dense communication networks where gossip and rumor also flow. This represents an important source of information and a means for the shaping of policies. Anthropological literature on gossip and rumor is reviewed which argues that these practices can exercise informal social control in specific contexts, or can relate with institutions of formal control. Possible reasons for why gossip in this case does not have the power to control transgressions are explored, as well as the failure of formal social control. It is suggested that rumor and gossip have rather the effect of normalizing transgression, thus leading the way for others to do the same
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