1,721,002 research outputs found
SlideInspect: From Pixel-Level Artifact Detection to Actionable Quality Metrics in Digital Pathology
Get PDFThe presence of artifacts in whole slide images (WSIs), such as tissue folds, air bubbles, and out- of-focus regions, can significantly
impact WSI digitization, pathologists' evaluation, and the accuracy of downstream analyses. We present SlideInspect, a novel
AI-based framework for comprehensive artifact detection and quality control in digital pathology. Our system leverages deep
learning techniques to segment multiple artifact types across diverse tissue types and staining methods. SlideInspect provides a
hierarchical output: a color-coded slide quality indicator (green, yellow, red) with recommended actions (no action, re-scan, re-
mount, re-cut) based on artifact type and extent, and pixel-level segmentation masks for detailed analysis. The system operates at
multiple magnifications (1.25× for tissue segmentation, 5× for artifact detection) and also incorporates stain quality assessment
for histological stain evaluation. We validated SlideInspect on a large, multi-centric, multi-scanner dataset of over 3000 WSIs,
demonstrating robust performance across different tissue types, staining methods, and scanning platforms. The system achieves
high segmentation accuracy for various artifacts while maintaining computational efficiency (average processing time: 72.7 s per
WSI). Pathologist evaluations confirmed the clinical relevance and accuracy of SlideInspect's quality assessments. By providing
actionable insights at multiple levels of granularity, SlideInspect significantly improves the efficiency and standardization of
digital pathology workflows. Its vendor-agnostic design and multi-stain capability make it suitable for integration into diverse
clinical and research settings
Molecular status of PI3KCA, KRAS and BRAF in ovarian clear cell carcinoma: An analysis of 63 patients
No full textAims To evaluate the incidence of PI3KCA, KRAS and BRAF mutations in primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC).
Methods 63 consecutive patients, with a proven diagnosis of OCCC, according to WHO criteria, were included into the study. Pyrosequencing analysis of all three genes hotspot regions were performed on 2.5 mu m sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from primary OCCC.
Results PI3KCA mutations were found in 20/63 (32%) cases; KRAS mutations were found in 8/63 (13%); no BRAF V600 mutations were found. In particular, 12/20 mutations (60%) of PI3KCA were found in the exon 20, whereas the remaining eight cases presented mutations in exon 9 (8/20; 40%). KRAS pyrosequencing analysis revealed higher incidence of codon 12 mutations (7/8; 90%) than codon 13 mutations (1/8; 10%). In five cases (5/66; 8%), synchronous mutations, affecting PI3KCA and KRAS genes, were found. No differences were found in the distribution of hotspot mutations, according to the stage.
Conclusions The high frequency of PI3KCA mutations, the low rate of mutations in KRAS and the absence of mutations in BRAF, indicate a molecular signature of OCCCs different from other ovarian carcinomas. Detection of driver mutations, such as PI3KCA and KRAS, may be the basis for a targeted therapy, although the clinical and therapeutic implications of these findings have to be supported by further studies
Computer‐assisted urine cytology: Faster, cheaper, better?
No full text: Recent advancements in computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) have catalysed significant progress in pathology, particularly in the realm of urine cytopathology. This review synthesizes the latest developments and challenges in CAD for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas, addressing the limitations of traditional urinary cytology. Through a literature review, we identify and analyse CAD models and algorithms developed for urine cytopathology, highlighting their methodologies and performance metrics. We discuss the potential of CAD to improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and patient outcomes, emphasizing its role in streamlining workflow and reducing errors. Furthermore, CAD tools have shown potential in exploring pathological conditions, uncovering novel biomarkers and prognostic/predictive features previously unknown or unseen. Finally, we examine the practical issues surrounding the integration of CAD into clinical practice, including regulatory approval, validation and training for pathologists. Despite the promising results, challenges remain, necessitating further research and validation efforts. Overall, CAD presents a transformative opportunity to revolutionize diagnostic practices in urine cytopathology, paving the way for enhanced patient care and outcomes
Current Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Endometrial Cancer in Clinical Practice: Recommendations/Proposal from the Italian Study Group
No full text: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignant disease in high-income countries, such as European countries and the USA. The 2020 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Female Genital Tract underlines the important clinical implications of the proposed new histomolecular classification system for ECs. In view of the substantial genetic and morphological heterogeneity in ECs, both classical pthological parameters and molecular classifiers have to be integrated in the pathology report. This review will focus on the most commonly adopted immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers in daily clinical characterization of EC, referring to the most recent published recommendations, guidelines, and expert opinions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: From Morphology to Molecular Biology
No full textOvarian clear cell carcinoma (oCCC) is a distinctive subtype of ovarian carcinoma, with peculiar genetic and environmental risk factors, precursor lesions, molecular events during oncogenesis, patterns of spread, and response to treatment. Because of low response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis in advanced stages, there is growing interest in investigating the molecular pathways involved in oCCC development, in order to individualize novel/molecular targeted therapies. Until now, the main molecular genetic changes associated with oCCC remain to be identified, and, although several molecular changes have been reported in clear cell tumors, most studies have analyzed a limited number of cases; therefore, the true prevalence of those changes is not known. The present review will present the clinicopathologic features of oCCC, from morphology to molecular biology, discussing the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this intriguing ovarian carcinoma
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