25 research outputs found
Reconocimiento visual de palabras emocionales en una tarea de decisión léxica: el caso del arousal
Get PDFTraballo Fin de Grao de Psicoloxía. Curso 2017-2018[ES] Diversos estudios han encontrado de forma consistente que la connotación emocional influye en el reconocimiento visual de palabras (e.g., Kousta, Vinson & Vigliocco, 2009; Kuperman, Estes, Brysbaert & Warriner, 2014). En concreto, investigaciones recientes en español han encontrado que la valencia negativa de las palabras se relaciona con una latencia de respuesta mayor en la tarea de decisión léxica (TDL; Padrón, Fraga & Perea, 2017; Padrón, Isdahl-Troye & Fraga, 2017). El objetivo central de este trabajo fue investigar si también la activación emocional (arousal) de las palabras afecta a la ejecución (tiempos de respuesta y errores) en dicha tarea y si ese efecto es lineal o no. Puesto que el efecto del arousal sería principalmente temprano (Citron, 2012; Recio, Conrad, Hansen, & Jacobs, 2014), se manipuló asimismo la calidad perceptiva de los estímulos, una variable que afecta a estadios tempranos del procesamiento léxico. Los resultados obtenidos no mostraron un efecto consistente del arousal, ni tampoco una interacción significativa entre arousal y calidad perceptiva, aunque sí se encontró una tendencia a leer más rápidamente las palabras negativas muy activadoras.[EN] Many studies have found that the emotional content of words plays a role in their visual recognition (e.g., Kousta, Vinson & Vigliocco, 2009; Kuperman, Estes, Brysbaert & Warriner, 2014). More specifically, some recent research in Spanish using the lexical decision task (LDT) has shown that negative valence is related to slower responses (Padrón, Fraga & Perea, 2017; Padrón, Isdahl-Troye & Fraga, 2017). The aim of this study is to explore whether arousal also affects LDT performance (i.e., response times and errors), and whether this effect is linear or not. It is known that arousal effects tend to appear early in processing (Citron, 2012; Recio, Conrad, Hansen, & Jacobs, 2014). For this reason, we also manipulated the perceptual quality of the stimuli, a variable that affects early encoding processes. The results did not show a consistent effect of arousal during word recognition or a significant interaction between arousal and stimulus quality. Nonetheless, there is a trend for high arousal negative words to be read faster
El papel de las variables léxico-semánticas en la desambiguación de cláusulas de relativo con doble antecedente: animacidad, valencia afectiva y activación emocional
No full textEl principal objetivo de esta investigación era conocer cómo se
procesan las oraciones ambiguas de relativo con doble antecedente del tipo
Alguien disparó contra el criado de la actriz que estaba en el balcón. La
ambigüedad sintáctica de esta oración queda patente al advertir que la
cláusula de relativo (CR) que estaba en el balcón puede estar modificando
tanto a criado como a actriz. Aunque inicialmente se consideró que eran las
teorías de corte estructural las más apropiadas para explicar dicho
procesamiento, desde la década de los 90 se ha destacado también la
relevancia de las variables léxico-semánticas. En esta línea, hemos explorado
específicamente los efectos tanto de la animacidad como de la connotación
emocional de las palabras que forman parte de los núcleos de los sintagmas
nominales (SNs) que anteceden a la CR. Con tal fin se han llevado a cabo
estudios de compleción de oraciones, un experimento de lectura
autoadministrada y un experimento de potenciales evocados. Tomados en
conjunto, los resultados obtenidos muestran que la desambiguación de
oraciones no depende solamente de mecanismos estructurales de
procesamiento, sino que variables de naturaleza semántica como la
animacidad de los nombres o la valencia y la activación emocional de las
palabras afectan a dicho proceso. Esto sucede particularmente en la tarea de
producción, donde pueden llegar a invertirse los patrones habituales de
adjunción propios del castellano
Análisis de los errores espontáneos del habla en el estudio de la producción del lenguaje
No full textAnálisis de los errores espontáneos del habla en el estudio de la producción del lenguaje
No full textThe role of emotionality in the acquisition of new concrete and abstract words
Get PDFA processing advantage for emotional words relative to neutral words has been widely demonstrated in the monolingual domain (e.g., Kuperman, Estes, Brysbaert, & Warriner, 2014). It is also well known that, in bilingual speakers who have a certain degree of proficiency in their second language, the effects of the affective content of words on cognition are not restricted to the native language (e.g., Ferré, García, Fraga, Sánchez-Casas, & Molero, 2010). The aim of the present study was to test whether this facilitative effect can also be obtained during the very early stages of word acquisition. In the context of a novel word learning paradigm, participants were trained on a set of Basque words by associating them to their Spanish translations. Words’ concreteness and affective valence were orthogonally manipulated. Immediately after the learning phase and one week later, participants were tested in a Basque go-no go lexical decision task as well as in a translation task in which they had to provide the Spanish translation of the Basque words. A similar pattern of results was found across tasks and sessions, revealing main effects of concreteness and emotional content as well as an interaction between both factors. Thus, the emotional content facilitated the acquisition of abstract, but not concrete words, in the new language, with a more reliable effect for negative words than for positive ones. The results are discussed in light of the embodied theoretical view of semantic representation proposed by Kousta,Vigliocco, Vinson, Andrews, and Del Campo (2011)
Processing gender agreement errors in pleasant and unpleasant words: An ERP study at the sentence level
Get PDFIn this study we examine the extent to which aspects such as the emotionality coded in words may interfere with
the processing of gender agreement errors in a sentence grammaticality judgement task. We follow the methodological
pattern of our previous experiments, using consistently the same kind of structure and task (gender
agreement) and only emotional (pleasant vs unpleasant) words, in an attempt to clarify whether neural correlates
and performance show similar patterns in positive and negative words. We found an emotional effect in the
N400 time window for unpleasant adjectives as well as the classic grammaticality effects in the left anterior
negativity (LAN) and the P600 components. Overall, our results confirm those of our previous studies in that the
LAN and the P600 grammaticality effects are not influenced by the emotional valence of moderately arousing
pleasant and unpleasant words, showing that during sentence reading morphosyntactic error detection seems to
be encapsulatedThe present study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MINECO/FEDER; Grant Nos. PSI2015-65116-P) and a research grant from the Autonomous Government of Galicia (Consellería de Educación, Xunta de Galicia, grant code GRC 2015/006)S
Distraction by deviant sounds: disgusting and neutral words capture attention to the same extent
Get PDFSeveral studies have argued that words evoking negative emotions, such as disgust, grab attention more than neutral words, and leave traces in memory that are more persistent. However, these conclusions are typically based on tasks requiring participants to process the semantic content of these words in a voluntarily manner. We sought to compare the involuntary attention grabbing power of disgusting and neutral words using them as rare and unexpected auditory distractors in a cross-modal oddball task, and then probing the participants’ memory for these stimuli in a surprise recognition task. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses converged to show that, compared to a standard tone, disgusting and neutral auditory words produced significant but equivalent levels of distraction in a visual categorization task, that they elicited comparable levels of memory discriminability in the incidental recognition task, and that the participants’ individual sensitivity to disgust did not influence the results. Our results suggest that distraction by unexpected words is not modulated by their emotional valence, at least when these words are task-irrelevant and are temporally and perceptually decoupled from the target stimuliThis work was supported by Research Grants PSI2014-54261-P, PSI2015-63525-P, and PSI2015-65116-P from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN), the Spanish State Agency for Research (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), as well as Grants 2017PFR-URV-B2-32 from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and GRC 2015/006 from (Xunta de Galicia). Fabrice B. R. Parmentier’s contract at the University of the Balearic Islands is co-financed by the MICINN’s program for the incentivization and permanent incorporation of doctors (2016 call, Ref IEDI-2016-00742). Fabrice B. R. Parmentier is also an Adjunct Senior Lecturer at the University of Western AustraliaS
Efectos del modelado sobre la conducta de fumar: ell papel de las consecuencias de la conducta del modelo
No full textRelative clause disambiguation in galician: new evidence of high attachment in romance languages
No full textLa investigación sobre el procesamiento de oraciones ha puesto de
manifiesto la importancia de obtener datos de lenguas diferentes al inglés
(e.g., Cuetos y Mitchell, 1988). En el marco de la desambiguación de
oraciones de relativo como Alguien disparó al criado de la actriz que estaba
en el balcón, en la que tanto “la actriz” como “el criado” podrían ser los que
“estaban en el balcón”, se han encontrado preferencias dispares en distintos
idiomas. Así, en inglés parecen preferirse adjunciones bajas hacia el
sintagma nominal más cercano (SN2), mientras que en lenguas como el
español o el francés se prefieren adjunciones altas, es decir, hacia el sintagma
nominal más lejano (SN1). En el caso de otras lenguas romances, portugués
e italiano, los resultados son inciertos, pues algunos autores han encontrado
preferencias por la adjunción baja mientras que otros lo han hecho por la
adjunción alta. En la presente investigación se evalúan, a partir de un estudio
de cuestionario y un experimento de lectura autoadministrada mediante
ventana móvil, las preferencias estructurales de hablantes de gallego, una
lengua con un estrecho parecido al español (preferencia hacia SN1) y al
portugués (preferencia incierta). Los datos, los primeros en lengua gallega,
indican, tanto en el estudio de cuestionario como en el estudio on-line,
preferencias por las estructuras en las que la cláusula de relativo ambigua se
adjunta alto en el marco sintagmático. Estos resultados son discutidos en
relación con los principales modelos de procesamiento de oraciones y las
preferencias encontradas en distintas lenguasResearch on syntactic
processing has evidenced the need to obtain data from languages other than
English (Cuetos & Mitchell, 1988). In the disambiguation of relative
clauses like someone shot the servant of the actress who was on the
balcony, where both servant and actress could be on the balcony, different
languages have shown different patterns of choice. Thus, in English low
adjunction seems to be preferred, whereas in languages like Spanish or
French it is high adjunction that predominates, that is, a preference for the
more distant NP (NP1). As far as other Romance languages are concerned,
like Portuguese or Italian, results are uncertain, since some authors have
found a preference for low adjunction while others have detected a high
adjunction bias. The present research makes use of a questionnaire study and
a self-paced moving window experiment to evaluate the structural preferences
of speakers of Galician, a language of close similarity to Spanish (high
adjunction preference) and Portuguese (uncertain preference). Our data, the
first on Galician, point to a preference for high adjunction in both studies.
These results are evaluated in reference to the main theories of syntactic
processing and taking into account the attachment preferences found in other
languagesS
