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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    The influence of democracy, corruption, economic growth and ICT on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan African countries: Does FDI matter?

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    The study analyses empirically the role of FDI as an interactive factor in the democracy, corruption, economic growth, ICT and carbon emissions nexus in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) technique with data from 37 SSA countries covering the period 1970–2019. We find evidence that corruption and democracy create a significantly negative association with carbon emissions across most quantiles for the SSA countries. Conversely, economic growth, ICT and FDI develops a significantly positive relationship with environmental quality. Thus, the paper confirms validity of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in SSA countries. More results demonstrate that the interaction variables, corruption × FDI, democracy × FDI, economic development × FDI also produces positive and significant links with carbon emissions, but the link between ICT × FDI and emissions is insignificantly negative. In conclusion, our findings indicate the need for a targeted approach towards improving FDI to fight corruption, enhance democracy, ICT and economic growth in pursuit of green economy and sustainable development in SSA
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