1,285 research outputs found
Speed of Publication of Statutes and Regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States
No full textExamines reasons for typical delays in publication of statutes & regulations in UK,US, & Canada. Finds US federal laws published more slowly because of time taken to add marginal notes after enactmen
Legal Citation Form: Theory and Practice
No full textSets forth 13 principles as a basis for a system of legal citation forms, and critically reviews various rules in the 13th edition of A Uniform System of Citation
Normative reconstruction and social character of freedom in Axel Honneth
No full textO presente objeto de pesquisa busca proceder ao estudo e identificação dos traços essenciais envolvidos na abordagem teórica das relações sociais e políticas trazidas na obra O Direito da Liberdade do filósofo alemão Axel Honneth. Faz-se uma análise da influência hegeliana sobre o conceito de liberdade, assim como dos fatores relacionados com o suprimento das carências subjetivas, mediadas pelas diferentes “esferas” sociais. Honneth, assim, procura trazer à tona a compreensão de um novo modelo de liberdade advindo da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel, o qual se distingue substancialmente dos modelos tradicionais. O autor busca evidenciar a limitação das teorias da justiça de tradição liberal, invocando a necessidade de uma visão integrada das relações sociais experimentadas nas esferas referidas por Hegel, concebendo-se uma experiência concreta de liberdade social. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se o caráter interdisciplinar e emancipatório do método de reconstrução normativa como base teórica para a justificação pública nas sociedades modernas.This research object aims to study and identify the essential traits involved in the theoretical approach of social and political relations brought in the work Freedom’s Right by the german philosopher Axel Honneth. It analyses the hegelian influence on the concept of freedom, as well as the factors related to the supply of subjective needs, mediated by the different social "spheres". Honneth thus seeks to bring to light the understanding of a new model of freedom stemming from Hegel’s Philosophy of Law, which differs substantially from traditional models. The author seeks to highlight the limitation of liberal theories of justice, invoking the need for an integrated view of the social relations experienced in the spheres referred to by Hegel, conceiving a concrete experience of social freedom. In this sense, the interdisciplinary and emancipatory character of the normative reconstruction method is evidenced, as a theorical basis for public justification in modern societies
Map Matching for Semi-Restricted Trajectories
No full textWe consider the problem of matching trajectories to a road map, giving particular consideration to trajectories that do not exclusively follow the underlying network. Such trajectories arise, for example, when a person walks through the inner part of a city, crossing market squares or parking lots. We call such trajectories semi-restricted. Sensible map matching of semi-restricted trajectories requires the ability to differentiate between restricted and unrestricted movement. We develop in this paper an approach that efficiently and reliably computes concise representations of such trajectories that maintain their semantic characteristics. Our approach utilizes OpenStreetMap data to not only extract the network but also areas that allow for free movement (as e.g. parks) as well as obstacles (as e.g. buildings). We discuss in detail how to incorporate this information in the map matching process, and demonstrate the applicability of our method in an experimental evaluation on real pedestrian and bicycle trajectories
The glyoxalase system as an example of a cellular maintenance pathway with relevance to aging
No full textCommentary on: Scheckhuber CQ et al. Modulation of the glyoxalase system in the aging model Podospora anserina: effects on growth and lifespan. Aging. 2010; 2:969-980
A categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel Honneth
No full textARAÚJO NETO, José Aldo Camurça de. A categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel Honneth. Argumentos, Fortaleza, v. 3, n. 5, p. 139-147, 2011.This article analyzes the category in recognition of Axel Honneth theory. To this end, the author
uses written juveniles of Hegel in Jena. During this period, Hegel develops a theory of
intersubjectivity that encourages the development of term recognition as a backdrop where
conflicts. This context, that Axel Honneth develops its critical theory in his struggle for Recognition.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel
Honneth. Para tanto, o autor recorre aos escritos juvenis de Hegel no período de Jena. Neste
período, Hegel desenvolve uma teoria da intersubjetividade que propicia a elaboração do
termo reconhecimento como um pano de fundo onde se dão os conflitos. É neste contexto
que Axel Honneth desenvolve sua teoria crítica em sua obra Luta por Reconhecimento
A LIBERDADE REFLEXIVA SEGUNDO AXEL HONNETH / REFLECTIVE FREEDOM ACCORDING TO AXEL HONNETH
No full textO presente artigo dedica-se ao estudo do modelo de liberdade reflexiva segundo o pensamento de Axel Honneth, exposto no capítulo A.II (A Liberdade Reflexiva e sua Concepção de Justiça) da obra Direito da Liberdade, realizado através do método hipotético-dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a fim de verificar porque a reflexão do indivíduo realizada sobre os seus próprios atos e guiada apenas por suas intenções não representa o modelo orientador da concepção de justiça proposto pelo autor.The present article intends to study the model of reflective freedom according to the thought of Axel Honneth, exposed in chapter A.II (The Reflective Freedom and its Conception of Justice) of the work Law of Freedom, realized through the hypothetic-deductive method and the bibliographical technique research, in order to verify why the individual reflection carried out on his own acts and guided only by his intentions does not represent the guiding model of the conception of justice proposed by the author
Projection methods and scenarios for public and private pension information
No full textPublic pensions – the primary pillar of old-age income provision – will, in the future, be less generous than they have been in the past, in particular owing to the impact of demographic change. The pension gap is supposed to be plugged by the second and third pillars of pension provision. However, people require reliable planning information if they are to exercise greater individual responsibility. It is therefore absolutely essential that adequate information is made available about the level of pension benefits that will be generated by each pillar of old-age pension provision. This paper outlines a number of different means of presenting the level of future pensions and the assumptions on which such extrapolations are necessarily based. Our work is based on an assumed average rate of inflation of 1.5% and an average rate of real income growth not exceeding 1.5%. This last figure is derived from calculations made in the framework of a macroeconomic simulation model. This model also shows that while the funded pillar of oldage pension provision is not entirely immune to population aging, it is not substantially threatened by a substantial decrease in stock market prices, the so-called “asset meltdown”.
Analyzing Crowd-Sourced Trajectories to Infer Routing Preferences of Cyclists
No full textIn the last decade, the activities of many volunteers have resulted in almost complete representations of street networks and large sets of trajectories. The latter have primarily been collected by recreational sportspeople who, for example, have recorded bicycle tours or hikes with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. This new source of geospatial data collected within the realm of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) contributed to the rise of trajectory data mining methods that analyze movement based on historical movement data.
Using crowd-sourced data has multiple benefits due to its availability and volume, particularly in domains where administrative data is scarce. Moreover, VGI data is mainly collected by local users. This local perspective is advantageous when using the data to gain insights into user behavior, as the data can be assumed to reflect the users' views. However, working with VGI data presents challenges due to its high heterogeneity. This heterogeneity occurs in different aspects of the data, resulting in four main challenges: (1) unknown spatial accuracy, (2) lack of metadata, (3) participation bias, and (4) ethics in data usage.
This thesis contributes to the analysis of crowd-sourced trajectory data by presenting a methodic pipeline for inferring the users' routing preferences from their past movements. The pipeline is structured into preprocessing, analysis, and visualization. Each part is specifically designed to address the aforementioned challenges. The underlying problems are modeled as optimization problems, and efficient algorithms to solve them are developed.
The preprocessing part includes a map-matching algorithm that adapts to varying spatial data quality and explicitly models potential off-road movement. Additionally, a discussion on ethical considerations and privacy preservation techniques is performed.
The subsequent analysis part presents an algorithm to infer routing preferences from trajectory recordings. The algorithm accommodates diverse user intents and addresses participation inequality by working even with sparse input data and trajectories that cannot be explained by a single (combined) optimization criterion, such as round trips.
The visualization part introduces a method for computing glyphs to visualize the off-screen parts of trajectories to facilitate the exploration of large trajectory datasets. Additionally, novel approaches to communicate travel times and distances through schematic isolines are presented. These visualizations utilize schematic representations to convey potential inaccuracies, enhancing understanding while acknowledging data limitations.
Overall, this thesis contributes efficient algorithms that offer insights into the routing behavior of cyclists based on crowd-sourced data. The results can be applied to support decision-making in urban planning and transportation.Im letzten Jahrzent haben die Aktivitäten vieler Freiwilliger zu fast vollständigen Darstellungen von Straßennetzen und großen Mengen von Trajektorien geführt. Letztere wurden vor allem von Freizeitsportlern gesammelt, die zum Beispiel Fahrradtouren oder Wanderungen aufgezeichnet haben. Diese neue Quelle von Geodaten, die im Bereich der freiwilligen geografischen Informationen (Volunteered Geographic Information, VGI) gesammelt werden, hat zum Aufkommen von Methoden zur Auswertung von Bewegungsdaten beigetragen.
Auf der einen Seite bietet die Nutzung von nutzergenerierten Daten aufgrund ihrer großen Menge und Verfügbarkeit sowie der intrinsischen Nutzersicht zahlreiche Vorteile. Auf der anderen Seite stellt die große Daten-Heterogenität eine Herausforderung dar. Diese Heterogenität tritt in verschiedenen Aspekten der Daten auf, was zu vier Herausforderung führt: (1) unbekannte räumliche Genauigkeit, (2) fehlende Metadaten, (3) ungleichmäßige Beteiligung und (4) ethische Aspekte der Datennutzung.
Diese Arbeit stellt eine methodische Pipeline vor, mit der sich die Routingpräferenzen der Nutzer aus ihren Bewegungsdaten ableiten lassen. Die Pipeline gliedert sich in Vorverarbeitung, Analyse und Visualisierung. Jeder Teil ist darauf ausgerichtet, die oben genannten Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Die zugrundeliegenden Probleme sind als Optimierungsprobleme modelliert, und es werden effiziente Algorithmen zu ihrer Lösung entwickelt.
Im Vorverarbeitungsteil wird ein Algorithmus zum Kartenabgleich vorgestellt, der mögliche Bewegungen abseits des Straßennetzes explizit modelliert. Außerdem werden Techniken zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Nutzer diskutiert.
Im Analyseteil wird ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, mit dem aus Bewegungsdaten Routingpräferenzen abgeleitet werden können. Der Algorithmus funktioniert auch mit wenigen Eingabedaten und kann selbst Bewegungungen, die nicht durch ein einziges (kombiniertes) Optimierungskriterium erklärt werden können, wie z.B. Rundfahrten, auswerten. Damit wird auf unterschiedliche Bewegungsintentionen und Ungleichheit der Beteiligung eingegangen.
Der Visualisierungsteil führt eine Methode zur Berechnung von kartographischen Symbolen ein, die die Fortsetzung der Bewegungsdaten außerhalb des Bildschirms visualisieren und so die Erkundung großer Bewegungsdatensätze erleichtern. Weiterhin werden Ansätze zur Visualisierung von Reisezeiten durch Isolinien vorgestellt. Diese Visualisierungen nutzen schematische Darstellungen, um einfache, schnell zu begreifende Abbildungen zu erzeugen.
Insgesamt trägt diese Arbeit zu effizienten Algorithmen bei, die Einblicke in das Routing-Verhalten von Radfahrern auf der Grundlage von Nutzerdaten bieten. Die Ergebnisse können zur Unterstützung der Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung eingesetzt werden
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