3,230 research outputs found
Citizen participation in news
No full textThe process of producing news has changed significantly due to the advent of the Web, which has enabled the increasing involvement of citizens in news production. This trend has been given many names, including participatory journalism, produsage, and crowd-sourced journalism, but these terms are ambiguous and have been applied inconsistently, making comparison of news systems difficult. In particular, it is problematic to distinguish the levels of citizen involvement, and therefore the extent to which news production has genuinely been opened up. In this paper we perform an analysis of 32 online news systems, comparing them in terms of how much power they give to citizens at each stage of the news production process. Our analysis reveals a diverse landscape of news systems and shows that they defy simplistic categorisation, but it also provides the means to compare different approaches in a systematic and meaningful way. We combine this with four case studies of individual stories to explore the ways that news stories can move and evolve across this landscape. Our conclusions are that online news systems are complex and interdependent, and that most do not involve citizens to the extent that the terms used to describe them imply
The relationship between Ford, Kipling, Conan Doyle, Wells and British propaganda of the First World War
No full textPhDThis thesis resituates the war-writing of Ford Madox Ford, Rudyard Kipling, Arthur
Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells in relation to official British propaganda
produced during the First World War. Examining these authors' institutional
connections with propaganda that was authorised by the British government locates
some of their texts within a network of materials that were deployed to justify
Britain's involvenlent in the war. The British government, via the War Propaganda
Bureau, approached major literary figures to assist in its plan to compete
vigorously with Germany to win American support. Positioning Ford's condemnation
of Prussian culture within this institutional context reveals that his officially
commissioned books functioned as a part of the larger yet-covert government
project to influence American intellectual opinion. Although wary that Kipling's
chauvinism might offend some readers, the British government reprinted and
distributed his denunciations of the 'Hun'. Kipling was given access to censored
letters from Indian soldiers in order to assist him in depicting the Imperial forces as
united. The result, The Eyes of Asia (1918), was a set of fictional texts by Indian
soldiers celebrating French and English civilisation in contrast to German barbarism.
In addition to official propaganda, these authors produced pro-war stories, poems, and
articles independent of direct government commission. Conan Doyle's formal call for
men to volunteer to defend their country, and his public denunciations of German
atrocities, were followed by his recruitment of Sherlock Holmes to repel a possible
German invasion ("His Last Bow" (1917)). Adding to his support for the war in his
journalism and war-time fiction, Wells was appointed the Head of Enemy Propaganda
for the newly formed Ministry of Information. He resigned almost immediately
following disagreements over government strategy. This project situates historically
and examines critically these authors' differing roles in relation to British propaganda
efforts during the First World War
Pojęcie „socjalizmu” w myśli politycznej Alexisa de Tocqueville’a
No full textThe article presents an analysis of an original conception of socialism outlined in the works of Alexis de Tocqueville. The author begins with a brief presentation of historical context in which the views of French thinker were shaped, referring to his experiences from the period of the July Revolution of 1830 and the February Revolution of 1848. The author goes on to detailed analysis of his definition of socialism, making an indispensable reference to his republican conception of freedom and the role of a citizen in democracy. Finally, the author looks at Tocquevillian vision of genesis of socialist ideas, associated by him with anxiety, which democratic system inevitably generates.Artykuł stanowi analizę oryginalnego ujęcia socjalizmu, zarysowanego w pismach Alexisa de Tocqueville’a. Autor wychodzi od nakreślenia historycznego kontekstu, w jakim kształtowały się poglądy francuskiego myśliciela w tym obszarze, odnosząc się do jego doświadczeń z okresu rewolucji lipcowej 1830 r. oraz rewolucji lutowej 1848 r. Następnie przechodzi do szczegółowej analizy jego definicji socjalizmu, czyniąc niezbędne odwołanie do wyznawanej przez niego republikańskiej koncepcji wolności i roli, jaka przypada obywatelowi w demokracji. Na zakończenie autor przygląda się Tocqueville’owskiej wizji genezy myśli socjalistycznej, wiązanej przez arystokratę z niepokojami, jakie nieuchronnie rodzi system demokratyczny
War, Ukraine and literature – Jonathan Safran Foer’s expedition into the depths of Central European oblivion
No full textW artykule analizuję bestsellerową amerykańską powieść wydaną po polsku przez wydawnictwo WAB: Wszystko jest iluminacją Jonathana Safrana Foera. Chcę przyjrzeć się temu, jak autor konstruuje swoją narrację, w jaki sposób dotyka problemu Zagłady i poszukiwania własnych korzeni przez przedstawicieli kolejnych pokoleń potomków ocalonych. Powieść jest ważnym przykładem nowego sposobu mierzenia się literatury z tematem Zagłady. Konteksty interpretacyjne zaczerpnęłam między innymi z pracy Kai Kaźmierskiej Biografia i pamięć na przykładzie pokoleniowego doświadczenia ocalonych z Zagłady, która analizuje zjawisko powrotu do miejsca urodzenia jako spełnienia przymusu biograficznego badanych, oraz z prac Marianne Hirsch, twórczyni pojęcia postpamięci.In the article I analyze a bestseller American novel published in Polish by WAB publishing house: Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer. I want to look into the way the author constructs his narration, how he addresses the issue of Holocaust and the issue of searching for one’s roots by members of next generations of the descendants of survivors. The novel is an important example of the new literary way of dealing with the topic of Holocaust. The interpretation contexts were drawn from, among others, work by Kaja Kaźmierska entitled Biography and Memory. The Generational Experience of the Shoah Survivor, in which the author analyses the phenomenon of returning to one’s place of birth as a biographical compulsion of the subjects of the study, as well as works of Marianne Hirsch, the creator of the term ‘postmemory’
CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND INCIDENT STROKE TYPES: THE FIT (HENRY FORD EXERCISE TESTING) PROJECT
No full textBackground: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of mortality and coronary heart disease. This study further examines the association between CRF and incident stroke types. Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of 67,707 patients referred for treadmill stress testing in the Henry Ford Health System (FIT Project) without a prior history of stroke. CRF was estimated by metabolic equivalents of task (METs). Using appropriate ICD-9 codes, incident stroke was ascertained through linkage with administrative claims files and classified as ischemic (IS), hemorrhagic (HS), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models examined the association between CRF and incident stroke. Results: Mean age was 54 (13) years, 46% were women, and 64% white. After a median (IQR) follow up to 5.6 (2.9–8.8) years, a total of 7,569 incident strokes occurred (6362 IS, 2498 HS, 275 SAH). Overall, there was a graded lower incidence of outcomes with higher METs categories. In adjusted analyses, there was a stepwise and significant lower risk of IS and HS, but not SAH. Participants with METs ≥12 had approximately 60% lower risk of total stroke, IS, and HS compared to METs \u3e6 [HR (95% CI) 0.42 (0.36, 0.49), 0.41 (0.34,0.49) and 0.36 (0.27,0.48) respectively] (Figure). Conclusion: In a large, diverse cohort of patients referred for treadmill stress testing, and independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CRF was inversely associated with incident IS and HS. [Figure presented
Pattern recognition based on color-coded quantum mechanical surfaces for molecular alignment
No full textA pattern recognition algorithm for the alignment of drug-like molecules has been implemented. The method is based on the calculation of quantum mechanical derived local properties defined on a molecular surface. This approach has been shown to be very useful in attempting to derive generalized, non-atom based representations of molecular structure. The visualization of these surfaces is described together with details of the methodology developed for their use in molecular overlay and similarity calculations. In addition, this paper also introduces an additional local property, the local curvature (C L), which can be used together with the quantum mechanical properties to describe the local shape. The method is exemplified using some problems representing common tasks encountered in molecular similarity
Reviving the past : eighteenth-century evangelical interpretations of church history
No full textThis study addresses eighteenth-century English-speaking evangelicals' understandings of church history, through the lens of published attempts to represent preceding Christian centuries panoramically or comprehensively. Sources entail several short reflections on history emerging in the early years of the transatlantic Revival (1730s-1740s) and subsequent, more substantial efforts by evangelical leaders John Gillies, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, Joseph and Isaac Milner, and Thomas Haweis. Little scholarly analysis exists on these sources, aside from the renaissance of interest in recent decades in Edwards. This is surprising, considering the acknowledged prominence of history-writing in the eighteenth century and the influence attributed, then and now, to the works of authors such as Gibbon, Hume, and Robertson. The aim is, first, to elucidate each of the above evangelicals' interpretations of the Christian past, both in overview and according to what they said on a roster of particular historical events, people and movements, and then to consider shared and divergent aspects. These aspects range from points of detail to paradigmatic theological convictions. Secondarily, evangelical church histories are analyzed in relation to earlier Protestant as well as eighteenth-century 'enlightened' historiography, in part through attention to evangelical authors' explicit engagement with these currents. This contextualization assists in determining the unique qualities of evangelical interpretations. Is there, then, evidence of a characteristically 'evangelical' perspective on church history? An examination of this neglected area illumines patterns and particulars of evangelicals' historical thought, and these in turn communicate the self-perceptions and the defining features of evangelicalism itself. Findings support the primary contention that evangelical leaders made use of a dynamic pattern of revival and declension as a means of accounting for the full history of Christianity. Beyond displaying the central place of 'revival' for evangelicals, these church histories demonstrate evangelicalism‘s complex relationship—involving both receptivity and critique—with Protestant and Enlightenment currents of historical inquiry
Narrative Omniscience and Science Fiction
No full textThe author of the paper suggests, referring to the discussion provoked by Jonathan Culler’s text Omniscience, that the narration of science-fiction expresses the category of omniscientific narration in a characteristic way. He proposes a thesis that the category has reached the key significance in comparison with the one of suspicion as an inherent part of the nature of science fiction.Uniwersytet w Białymstoku113514
Interpellations : Three Essays on Kent Monkman = Trois essais sur Kent Monkman
No full textKent Monkman’s work fascinates. An artist of Cree origin he revisits North American historical events and western cultural representations, often under the guise of Miss Chief Eagle Testickle, his alter ego, the sexy and extravagant diva warrior. His aesthetics and drama have the effect of drawing out both what has been erased and concealed in the historical inscription of aboriginal culture the repressed desire and troubled fascination that have paradoxically contributed to shaping it.
In Interpellations. Three Essays on Kent Monkman the art historians Jonathan D. Katz, Richard W. Hill and Todd Porterfield offer perspectives and analyses on Monkman’s work that address history and genre painting, the queered Romantic landscape, the shifting and unfixed subject, race, sexuality, conquest and sovereignty, and modern versus discontinuous temporality.final article publishe
Who is afraid of Jonathan Littlel?
No full textArtykuł przedstawia analizę zestawu recenzji i szkiców krytycznych, które ukazały się w polskiej prasie po wydaniu powieści Jonathana Littella Łaskawe. Korzystając z narzędzi oferowanych przez tak zwane memory studies oraz koncepcji postpamięci autorstwa Marianne Hirsch, autorka bada powody różnego typu przemilczeń i swoistej autocenzury, którymi charakteryzują się owe teksty. Powieść Littella w tym ujęciu okazuje się prowokacją, na którą bardzo różnie odpowiadają krytycy różnych pokoleń. Również od przynależności do pokolenia zależy – jak pokazują analizowane teksty – sposób ujmowania i rozumienia Zagłady jako wydarzenia historycznego i otwartego problemu poznawczego. Druga część szkicu wykazuje, że Jonathan Littell konstruuje swoją powieść, biorąc za podstawę mechanizmy społecznej i kulturowej pamięci, których struktura nie jest wolna od schematów, klisz, słów-kluczy. Powieść okazuje się wymierzona specjalnie w nowoczesne i ponowoczesne metodologie czytania, który to fakt nie został właściwie zauważony ani zinterpretowany przez krytyków (którzy sami jednak z owych metodologii korzystali).The paper presents the analysis of a set of reviews and critical essays, which have been published in the Polish press after the publication of Jonathan Littel’s novel The Kindly Ones. Using the tools offered by the so-called “memory studies” and the Marianne Hirsch’s concept of post-memory, the author examines the reasons of various suppressions and peculiar self-censorship, which characterise those texts. The Littell’s novel in this depiction turns out to be a provocation, to which critics of different generations respond very differently. What is also a result of their belonging to a certain generation is the way in which they display the analyzed texts and the way of grasping and understanding the holocaust as a historical event and an open cognitive problem. The second part of the essay proves that Jonathan Littell constructs his novel basing on the mechanisms of social and cultural memory, which’s structure is not free of schemes, clichés and key-words. The novel turns out to be purposely aimed at the modern and postmodern methodologies of reading, which is a fact that has not been properly noticed and interpreted by the critics (who, however, have themselves used those methodologies)
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