1,720,954 research outputs found
Definição participativa de indicadores para monitoramento da sustentabilidade em sistemas de manejo de castanhais: estudo de caso na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Acre
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2020.O manejo da castanha-da-amazônia (Bertholletia excelsa) é uma atividade tradicional que representa papel chave tanto na economia de milhares de famílias extrativistas da Amazônia como na conservação das florestas. No estado do Acre, apesar de existir uma cadeia produtiva bem estruturada e da valorização do produto no mercado, algumas ameaças e pontos críticos relacionados à sustentabilidade do manejo deste recurso natural merecem ser estudados e mais bem compreendidos. A crise socioambiental, as mudanças climáticas, as constantes ameaças do desmatamento e da conversão de áreas de florestas em pastagens na Amazônia estão nessa lista. Junto a estes fatores somam-se as oscilações naturais da produção da castanha-da- amazônia e algumas fragilidades nas dinâmicas sociais e de governança que envolvem esses sistemas de manejo. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa propõe um olhar para as estratégias de gestão envolvidas no manejo dos castanhais nativos e como estas se inter-relacionam com aspectos da sustentabilidade desta atividade no longo prazo. O objetivo principal foi analisar a implementação do método MESMIS na definição participativa de indicadores para o monitoramento da sustentabilidade do manejo de castanhais nativos, a partir de um estudo de caso realizado na Comunidade Porvir, inserida na RESEX Chico Mendes, Acre. A pesquisa buscou integrar as percepções dos extrativistas, pesquisadores, gestores e técnicos na definição de indicadores que apontassem para aspectos do que é preciso ser sustentado para garantir a viabilidade do extrativismo da castanha ao longo do tempo. A construção dos indicadores teve início a partir de um diagnóstico in loco junto à comunidade extrativista participante do estudo de caso. Durante o processo foram realizadas duas oficinas na comunidade e entrevistas semiestruturadas com diferentes atores sociais interessados no manejo da castanha, incluindo profissionais da área técnica. O resultado foi a geração de 18 indicadores estratégicos para avaliação de sustentabilidade nas dimensões ambiental, técnico-econômica e social (abrangendo aspectos culturais e políticos). Ainda, foram definidos, com a contribuição de técnicos e extrativistas, parâmetros de avaliação, representando condições que devem ser alcançadas ou mantidas para a sustentabilidade do sistema, para cada indicador. Por fim, realizou-se um exercício de avaliação para quatro castanhais nativos manejados por famílias da comunidade. A integração de resultados foi realizada em representações com gráficos radiais e pelo cálculo de índices de sustentabilidade. Pode-se considerar que os castanhais avaliados apresentaram um desempenho aceitável em termos de sustentabilidade geral, com Índice de Sustentabilidade Global (ISG) de 7,28; 7,56, 7,11 e 6,78 respectivamente, em uma escala de 1 a 10. Existe, portanto, um espaço de trabalho e ações visando melhorias necessárias para alcançar o limiar ótimo ou ideal de sustentabilidade. Os principais valores críticos atribuídos na avaliação dos indicadores estão relacionados à questão da comercialização da castanha para atravessadores e a oscilação na produção anual de frutos, visto que nos últimos anos foram registradas safras muito inferiores às médias produzidas pelos castanhais. O emprego do método MESMIS foi considerado adequado ao contexto estudado, podendo ser recomendado e adaptado ao manejo de produtos florestais não madeireiros.Abstract: Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) management, is a traditional activity that plays a key role both in the economy of forest-based communities in the Amazon and in the conservation of forests. In the state of Acre, Brazil, despite the existence of a well-structured production chain and the appreciation of the product on the market, some threats and critical points related to the sustainability of the management of this natural resource deserve to be studied and better understood. The socio-environmental crisis, climate change, the constant threat of deforestation and the conversion of forest areas to pastures in the Amazon are on this list. Along with these factors are the natural fluctuations in the production and some weaknesses in the social and governance dynamics that involve these management systems. In this context, the research proposes a look at the management strategies involved in the Brazil nut systems and how they interrelate with aspects of the long-term sustainability of this activity. The overall aim of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the MESMIS method in the participatory definition of sustainability indicators to monitor Brazil nut management, based on a case study carried out in the Porvir Community, located in the RESEX Chico Mendes, Acre. The research sought to integrate the perceptions of extractivists, researchers, managers and technicians in the definition of indicators that point to aspects of what needs to be sustained in order to guarantee the viability of Brazil nut harvest over time. The initial construction of the indicators was carried out with the forest-based community participating in the case study. Two workshops were held in the community, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with different social actors interested in Brazil nut management. The result was the generation of 18 strategic indicators to assess sustainability in the environmental, technical-economic and social dimensions (including cultural and political aspects). In addition, assessment parameters, representing conditions that must be achieved or maintained for system sustainability, were collectively defined for each indicator. Finally, an evaluation exercise was carried out for four native Brazil nut systems managed by different families in the community. The results obtained by the evaluation process were integrated and presented in representations with radial graphs and by calculating sustainability indices. The evaluated Brazil nut systems presented an acceptable performance in terms of general sustainability, with a Global Sustainability Index (ISG) of 7.28; 7.56, 7.11 and 6.78 respectively, on a scale of 1 to 10. There is, therefore, a work space and actions aimed at improvements to reach the optimal or ideal threshold of sustainability. The main critical values attributed in the evaluation of the indicators are related to Brazil nut commercialization to middlemen and fluctuation in the annual fruit production, since in recent years the harvests recorded were much lower than productivity averages. The use of the MESMIS method was considered appropriate to the studied context, and can be recommended and adapted to similar non-timber forest product management systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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