181 research outputs found
South African travel writing and bias
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).This thesis spotlights the travel and leisure magazine industry within South Africa. It contends that the travel writing genre is susceptible to a number of biases, both past and present, which ultimately affect the way its overall content is produced and presented to the public. This work was substantiated through a set of qualitative interviews with key professionals within the South African travel and leisure magazine industry, as well as through a theme- based content analysis of a number of local travel writing publications. This study adds to a rather extensive line of research written on the topic of travel writing regarding a number of older criticisms of bias including 'othering', escapism, and gendering. However, it also focuses on a number of more modem biases such as direct advertising, advertorial usage, as well as the acceptance of 'freebies' and barter agreements, none of which has been given much attention in previous research. The sheer existence of these and other biases within the modem South African travel and leisure magazine industry exhibits an absolute necessity of examination into such a topic, especially given the importance and overall influence that the travel writing industry has on a country's economic standing and overall image
Antimicrobial catheters for reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infection in adults requiring short-term catheterisation in hospital : a multicentre randomised controlled trial
No full textCopyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PMID: 23134837 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Peer reviewe
Ohio State University College of Law Class of 1950
No full textFaculty: Ball, Vaughn C.; Callahan, Charles C.; Folkerth, Justin H.; Fordham, Jefferson B., Dean; Hallen, John E.; Hunter, Robert M.; Mathews, Robert E.; Platt, Joseph S.; Pollack, Ervin H.; Rose, William H.; Stanger, Roland J.; Strong, Frank R.; Vanneman, Harry W.; Wills, Robert L.; Class Officers: Bonfini, Emilio M., Vice-President; Leatherman, Wayne M., President; Class Members: Alton, Jack R.; Baker, Laird J.; Battista, Rudolph E.; Beathard, Maurice E.; Beetham, Thomas D.; Bernardo, Bernard P.; Betleski, Adrian F.; Bradley, Philip R.; Britt, James C.; Canter, Richard L.; Carter, James B.; Christman, Harold E.; Crown, Howard; Cunninghan, Raymond P.; Deutschle, Joseph S.; Donnelly, J. Robert; Eastlake, Charles N.; Fisher, Lloyd E., Jr.; Fitch, Leoscar; Foley, Audrey J.; Francis, John L.; Frost, James C.; Gandert, William F.; Glaze, Ray J.; Goodwin, Wilfred; Graham, John C.; Hall, Wilford L.; Hart, David W.; Heller, Sanders D.; Herrman, Arthur D.; Higgins, William J.; Howard, Lowell B.; Huffman, Bruce C.; Hutchison, Samuel R.; Hyatt, Robert R.; Johncox, William L.; Johnson, Nils P.; Kendall, Bryce W.; Kennedy, Richard D.; Lefeber, Alfred C.; Levin, Sam; Long, Luther M.; Lynch, William A.; Mahaffey, Ralph N.; Marlowe, L. Dennis; McCullough, William J.; McCune, John G.; McHugh, Joseph A.; Miller, Andrew W.; Mitchell, Etta M.; Nichols, Wallace V.; Paffenbarger, Tom L.; Penn, Richard W.; Prendergast, Arthur J.; Rader, Clifford E.; Ragland, Richard N.; Richards, John E.; Roderick, Thomas G.; Roush, De Lloyd L.; Schuler, John W.; Scurlock, George W.; Shapiro, Ralph; Shire, Bernard S.; Shoemaker, Frederick; Smythe, George C.; Stark, Leo P.; Stephenson, Earl E.; Swadey, Robert J.; Taylor, Curtis S.; Tracy, Jack W.; Treffinger, Theodore; Underwood, Max L.; Vincent, Irving; Wagner, Donald R.; Waldo, James E.; Watson, Robert E.; Wile, John; Wilks, Gerald H.; Witherspoon, Lewis S.; Woldorf, David H.; Zuris, Stanle
FORTUNA, VIRTÙ Y GLORIA CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA MORAL REPUBLICANA DE MAQUIAVELO
No full textIn this paper some key concepts, such as fortune, virtù, and glory,are considered in order to seek clarification regarding the problemof the relation between morality and politics in Machiavelli. TheMachiavellian virtù certainly includes a good deal of energy andtalent, but does not completely lack moral components. From theconcept of fortune we can derive a number of criteria for politicalaction, which form a part of the Machiavellian virtù, which, thoughdistant from the Christian morals of his time, places him within arepublican conception of morality. Starting from an inquiry into the concept of glory, we discover how glory is a reward for virtù, but itis not awarded to every politician who is successful in his ventures,but only to those who are able to save their country by benign mean
Financial structures and economic development
No full textThe author constructs a model that captures the two-way nature of the relationship between financial and economic development - and allows societies at different levels of economic development and with different policies to choose different financial services. In this model, various types of financial contracts and institutions arise in response to the economic environment. Incentives for financial structures to emerge are generated by liquidity and productivity risk, the costs of gathering information and mobilizing resources, and the costs of financial transactions. The emergence and development of financial arrangements in response to the economic environment can alter investment decisions and per capita growth rates - while the level of per capita income helps determine the types of financial services a particular society chooses to develop and use. The author not only reconciles more empirical regularities than past theoretical studies have done, but highlights the role of public policies on financial activities. Policy has important implications for the rate of economic growth, the level of financial development, and the types of institutions providing financial services. The model also predicts that per capita growth rates should be related to the types of financial services provided by the financial sector. Thus, the most common empirical measure of financial development may not appropriately capture fundamental features of financial development.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Governance Indicators
Payroll taxes for financing training in developing countries
No full textIn most developing countries, the major programs of vocational training and manpower-skill development are financed from general revenues. Increasingly, however, earmarked payroll taxes are employed to finance training. This paper summarizes international experience with these payroll taxes, drawing the distinction between the more traditional revenue raising schemes on the lines of the Latin American model and the newer levy-grant schemes. Drawing upon experience of payroll taxes in advanced economies it discusses the incidence of these taxes in developing countries and presents an economic rationale for their growing use, as part of a reverse social security scheme. The paper concludes that the desirability of using payroll taxes to finance training, compared to other alternatives available to developing country governments, is likely to be contingent upon the stage of a country's development.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Tertiary Education,Labor Standards
Impact of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system on the World's coffee market
No full textEx-post simulations of the global coffee model over the recent period of operation of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system, (1981-86) show the following. The quota system had a stabilizing effect on world coffee prices in the 1981-85 period. In 1986, when coffee prices increased sharply due to the drought in Brazil and the export quotas were suspended, prices would have been 24 percent higher in the absence of quotas over the 1981-85 period. However, the quotas have reduced export revenues (in real terms), except for such large producers as Brazil and Colombia. These countries gained form the scheme because they face very small or even zero marginal export revenues from increased exports, due to their large market shares. In projections of the coffee market, with and without the export quota system, prices would be substantially lower during the first half of the 1990s if the quota system were suspended in 1990. But prices would recover in the second half of the decade as production and exports declined in lagged response to the very low prices of the first half.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Crops&Crop Management Systems
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
No full textMultiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Heterogeneity, distribution, and cooperation in common property resource management
No full textThe report considers the role of group heterogeneity in the success or failure of common property resource management. The author argues that cooperative agreements are less likely to come about when agents are highly heterogeneous along relevant dimensions - and existing agreements are more likely to break down as a group becomes more heterogeneous. The author crystallizes his argument in simple numerical examples and illustrates by reference to case studies on common property resource management, in particular, cases involving fisheries and irrigation systems. More work is needed to substantiate the author's argument, but his analysis so far supports the argument that equity and efficiency complement rather than oppose each other.Agricultural Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Poverty Assessment,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies
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