303 research outputs found
Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon 1941
No full textOn Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941 Thomson (1856) used for the first time the generic name Hammoderus to include a single species, H. buquetii Thomson, 1856 (type species by original monotypy). Currently, Hammoderus buquetii is known as Taeniotes luciani Thomson, 1859 (nomen novum to avoid homonymy with Taeniotes buquetii Tasté, 1841). According to Thomson (1859): “Le nom de T. Buquetii ayant déjà été employé par M. Taslé (Rev. zool., 1841, p. 14) pour désigner une espèce d’un genre voisin de celui-ci, j’ai substitué à cette première espèce celui de T. Luciani.” Thomson (1857) considered Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 as a subgenus of Taeniotes. According to him: “ L’Hammoderus Buquetii Thomson (Ann. Soc. Ent. 3e série 1856, vol. IV, p. 329, pl. 8, fig. 1), doit rentrer dans le genre Taeniotes, parmi les espèces de la première division, dont les élytres sont arrondies à l’extrémité”. Thus, Thomson (1857) defined the subgenus Taeniotes (Hammoderus) as having the elytral apex without spine, and included two species in this subgenus: T. (H.) buquetii and T. (H.) inermis. Thomson (1859) considered Hammoderus as a genus distinct from Taeniotes: “Le Taeniotes inermis, Thomson (Arch. Ent., I, 1857, p. 173), n’appartient probablement pas au genre actuel [Taeniotes], son dernier segment abdominal n’étant pas épineux; cette espèce peut être rapportée avec doute au G. Hammoderus, Dej., Cat., 3e édit., p. 367.” Although he had considered Hammoderus as a distinct genus, it is evident that he was referring to Hammoderus sensu Thomson (1856) for the inclusion of H. buquetii. Thomson (1860) formally differentiated Hammoderus from Taeniotes, attributing the first one to Dejean (1837). Four species were included, H. inermis (Fig. 33) and three others described in the same work: H. lacordairei (Fig. 32); H. sallei (Fig. 34) and H. spinipennis (Fig. 25). However, contrary to Thomson’s judgment, and according to Bousquet & Bouchard (2013): “ Hammoderus Dejean, 1835: 341 . Originally included available species: none.” Thus, Hammoderus cannot be attributed to Dejean (1835) and the actual author of this name is Thomson (1860). Agassiz (1846) replaced Hammoderus Dejean (1835) as Hammatoderus. However, as seen before, Hammoderus is an unavailable name in Dejean (1835). Consequently, Hammatoderus Agassiz, 1847 is also an unavailable name, because it is a replacement name for another unavailable name, without inclusion of species. Thomson (1864) designated the type species of Hammoderus Thomson, 1860: H. lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (“ Hammoderus Thomson. Ess. Class. Céramb. p. 98. Type: H. Lacordairei Thomson l. c. Mexique.”). So, two distinct generic taxa were described with the same name by Thomson in 1856 and 1860 – Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 and Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 – and, thus, these names are homonyms. The type species of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, is now placed in Taeniotes; hence, Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 is a junior synonym of Taeniotes. Hammoderus Thomson, 1860, in turn, is a junior homonym of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 and, consequently, it is considered as permanently invalid by the ICZN (1999, Articles 52.2 and 60.1). Thus, no taxon can be named using this name and one of its junior synonym must be used instead. According to Gemminger & Harold (1873): “ Hammatoderus. άΜΜα, nodus; δέρη, collum. Thomson. Classif. Longic. 1860. p. 98. (emend.) Hammoderus Thoms. ” Seven species were included: H. elatus Bates, 1872; H. impluviatus Lacordaire, 1869; H. inermis; H. lacordairei; H. rubefactus Bates, 1872; H. sallei; H. spinipennis. Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 is an unjustified emendation. Thus, according to the ICZN (1999): “33.2. Emendations. Any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than a mandatory change is an "emendation"”; and, “33.2.3. Any other emendation is an "unjustified emendation"; the name thus emended is available and it has its own author and date and is a junior objective synonym of the name in its original spelling; it enters into homonymy and can be used as a substitute name.” Also according to the ICZN (1999): “67.8. Type species of nominal genus-group taxa denoted by new replacement names (nomina nova). If an author publishes a new genus-group name expressly as a new replacement name (nomen novum) for a previously established name, or replaces a previously established genus-group name by an unjustified emendation [Art. 33.2.3], both the prior nominal taxon and its replacement have the same type species, and type fixation for either applies also to the other, despite any statement to the contrary.” Thus, the type species of Hammatoderus is the same of Hammoderus Thomson (1860): Hammoderus lacordairei. Dillon & Dillon (1941) established Plagiohammus as a replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860: “Thomson in his description of Hammoderus in the second sense (1860), included lacordairei, sallei, inermis and spinipennis. Of these spinipennis is the form most frequently encountered, and is selected as the genotype. In his first use of the generic name Hammoderus, he described buquetii with it, which species is now in Taeniotes under T. luciani.” However, as seen above, Hammatoderus was an older available name to replace Hammoderus Thomson, 1857. Hence, Plagiohammus is a junior synonymy of Hammatoderus. Article 23.9 (ICZN 1999) cannot be used to maintain Plagiohammus because the Article 23.9.1.2 is not applicable. In summary: Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, invalid name by being a junior subjective synonym of Taeniotes Audinet-Serville, 1835 Type species— Hammoderus buquetii, by original monotypy (= Taeniotes luciani Thomson, 1859). Hammoderus Thomson, 1860; senior objective synonym of Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 and Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; and permanently invalid by being a junior homonym of Hammoderus Thomson, 1856. Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (designated by Thomson, 1864) Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873; valid name: replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 (non Hammoderus Thomson, 1856). Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (designated by Thomson, 1864). Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; proposed as an unnecessary replacement name for Hammoderus Thomson, 1860 Type species— Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860, not Hammatoderus spinipennis as proposed by Dillon & Dillon (1941) (see article 67.8 of the ICZN, 1999)Published as part of Botero, Juan Pablo & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2017, Four new species, taxonomic, and nomenclatural notes in Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 377-397 in Zootaxa 4231 (3) on pages 378-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/29091
The evolution of reproductive isolation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail Physa
No full textOpen access article published in:
Dillon et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:144
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/144 (27 May 2011
Assessment of Olfactory Concealment Related to Habitat Selection by Terrestrial Animals
No full textAnimals use habitat selection to mitigate adverse effects environmental factors may have on their fitness. For many prey species, predation by olfactory-sensing predators is an environmental factor that has devastating impacts on their fitness. To minimize risk from olfactory-sensing predators, prey should select cover that reduces their odour cues that predators use to find them. The olfactory concealment theory predicts that this can be accomplished through selection of airflow characterized by high turbulence and/or updrafts. However, few studies have investigated airflow patterns as a dimension of cover. Here, I characterized the olfactory landscape, and assessed how olfaction relates to habitat selection and nest success of grassland-nesting birds. Specifically, I measured olfactory concealment and vegetation characteristics (e.g. visual concealment, grass height, etc.) within grassland, shrubland, and forest vegetation types and at nests in grassland vegetation. At a subset of points, I tested whether visual and/or olfactory concealment influenced depredation rates of simulated prey. Additionally, I modeled the relative importance of visual concealment, as well as airflow and weather conditions associated with olfactory concealment to nest survival. I found that turbulence intensity and airflow slope varied by vegetation type, and in grasslands horizontal concealment, vegetation height and vegetation roughness were positively correlated to turbulence intensity. Additionally, in grasslands turbulence intensity was the best predictor of simulated prey depredation. Together, these findings provide the first approximation of an olfactory landscape, which could potentially be used by animals to make space use decisions and in grasslands may be able to decrease rates of predator detection. However, contrary to expectations, grassland-nesting birds did not select nest sites with significantly higher levels of turbulence intensity (p=0.10), but did select more overhead visual concealment. A finding that I suspect reflects a habitat selection strategy to mitigate thermal conditions. Precipitation and humidity were important predictors of nest survival and were positively related. I hypothesize that moisture-related weather conditions indirectly influences nest survival through predation by olfactory-sensing predators. Findings here support those of others that weather can have a large impact on vital rates and that in some cases, habitat selection can potentially mitigate adverse effects of weather.Natural Resources and Ecology Managemen
A Biome in Transition: Co-Produced Science for Grassland Conservation
No full textConfronting biome-scale threats in the 21st century will require new and adaptive approaches for conservation. The overarching theme of this dissertation is co-produced science for the conservation of grasslands threatened by woody encroachment. Each chapter reflects a research question co-developed by scientists and managers to better understand and manage the threat of woody encroachment. First, I examine the dimensions of grassland risk through a series of field studies. Risk is the outcome of a grassland’s sensitivity and exposure to encroaching woody plants. Sensitivity reflects the rate and ease of grassland transition to a woodland, while, exposure is driven by propagule sources and their dispersal. My findings demonstrate the importance of exposure in driving patterns of encroachment and provide a basis for managing the spatial dimensions of exposure. Second, I assess the potential impacts of plant invasions in grasslands using a participatory ecosystem service assessment. Findings illustrate the potential for severe impacts associated with woodland transitions driven by a native invasive tree compared to non-native invasive weeds. Third, I assess the sustainability of grassland conservation approaches, including the lifespan of restoration treatments. Overall, I find unsustainable trends of grassland loss to encroachment across a network of priority conservation areas. Conservation efforts tended to be outpaced by encroachment of intact grasslands and re-encroachment of sites undergoing restoration, which rapidly transition back to a woodland without follow-up management. Large-scale fire management provided the only example of counteracting regional trends of encroachment and serves as a model for improving conservation efforts in other grasslands threatened by encroachment. However, the viability of this approach will likely depend upon broader acceptance of the role of prescribed fire in grasslands. To this end, I developed fire management scenarios to contrast air-quality outcomes of large-scale fire management versus those of fire exclusion. The scenarios illustrate the inevitable nature of fire in flammable ecosystems and provide a basis for communicating the role of prescribed fire in avoiding long-term consequences associated with wildfire
Following Manson Papers from the Peter Manson Symposium
No full textCopyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Peter Manson (1969-) is a poet and translator of poetry from Glasgow. He is the author of several volumes of poetry including For the Good of Liars (Barque Press, 2006), Between Cup and Lip (Miami University Press, 2008), English in Mallarmé (Blart Books, 2014) and Poems of Frank Rupture (Sancho Panza, 2014), and of the prose-work Adjunct: an Undigest (Edinburgh Review 2006; ubuweb 2001). Recent poetry includes Factitious Airs (Zarf editions, 2017) and a collaboration with Mendoza, WINDSUCKERS & ONSETTERS: SONNOTS for Griffiths (MATERIALS, 2018). Manson is also a translator of poetry from French: his translation of Stéphane Mallarmé’s Poesies, twenty-five years in the making, was published as Stéphane Mallarmé: The Poems in Verse in 2013 (University of Miami Press). Further translations include Mallarmé’s The Marrying of Hérodiade (Free Poetry, 2016) and early poems by Théophile Gautier, Darkness (2018). With Robin Purves, Manson co-edited the poetry magazine, Object Permanence, from Glasgow, between 1994 and 1997, establishing vital transatlantic links between experimental poets from the UK and Ireland and the US. In October 2017, a symposium dedicated to Manson’s poetry and translations was held at the University of Glasgow, including an evening of celebratory readings and music, and a poetry reading by Manson. This special issue of the Journal of British and Irish Innovative Poetry collects essays extending many of the papers given that weekend.
This editorial is in three parts. First, Ellen Dillon discloses the personal impact of her compulsive engagement with Peter Manson’s work on her life as a reader and scholar, then Tom Betteridge reads ‘Gray Squirrel’ from Manson’s early pamphlet Birth Windows.1 These are followed by an introduction to each of the seven essays collected in this special issue.The Andrew Tannahill Fund for the Furtherance of Scottish Literature; The W.P Ker Fund; Scottish Network of Modernist Studies; School of English, Dublin City University
[Book review sent to Dr. Donald T. Hata]
No full textThis review is about Dillon S. Meyer's book, "Uprooted Americans." According to the author, the book provides a "good WRA (War Relocation Authority) outlook." Though the review, the author also points out a few errors in the book as well. The author is most likely Yukio Mochizuki. At the bottom of the second page of this review is a note, "cc: Yukio Mochizuki."Collection of notes, articles, correspondence, photographs, and term papers collected by Yukio Mochizuki, a student at CSU Dominguez Hills, while researching Japanese American incarceration and Japanese Peruvian internment during World War II
An investigation of L2 reading comprehension of linear texts and hypertexts and working memory capacity
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a leitura em L2 (Inglês), em textos apresentados de formas distintas: como texto linear e como hipertexto, para verificar possíveis diferenças na compreensão resultante. A razão para tal escrutino reside no fato da divergência encontrada, na literatura, a respeito dos efeitos da não linearidade para o processamento das informações e, conseqüentemente, para a compreensão de textos (Dillon, 1996; Smith, 1994; Charney; 1994; McKnight, Dillon & Richardson, 1993). Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, dois textos, com características similares, foram elaborados e apresentados como hipertextos e como textos lineares. Quatro perguntas de pesquisa e quatro hipóteses foram criadas para essa investigação, e três diferentes instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados: (a) evocações das idéias principais, (b) questionários com perguntas de compreensão e (c) contradições. Além desses instrumentos de coleta, foi também utilizada uma versão do teste de leitura desenvolvido por Daneman e Carpenter (1980) e adaptado por Torres (2003), considerando-se a hipótese da relação direta entre a amplitude da memória e a performance em atividades envolvendo a compreensão (Tomitch, 2005; Torres, 2003, Engle, Kane, & Tuholsky, 1999; Daneman & Capernter, 1980). Quarenta e duas pessoas participaram do estudo: 21 brasileiros recrutados em duas universidades brasileiras (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e Universidade Estadual de Maringá) e 21 chineses recrutados na Inglaterra (Loughborough University). Os resultados obtidos sinalizam para o fato de que os hipertextos podem comprometer a compreensão, principalmente para os leitores de baixa amplitude de memória. Dados inesperados foram obtidos em relação aos chineses que apresentaram uma amplitude de memória inferior a dos brasileiros, conseqüentemente, apresentando um pior desempenho. A conclusão fundamental obtida nesse estudo é que diferentes variáveis tais como a capacidade de memória do leitor, sua língua materna, e o modo de apresentação de um texto podem influenciar na leitura em L2, e cada uma dessas varáveis pode interferir, de modo diferente, na construção da representação mental do texto. The aim of this study was to investigate L2 reading (English) derived from texts presented in two different modes, as a linear text and as a hypertext, in order to verify possible differences in comprehension. The reason for such scrutiny resides in the fact that different standpoints can be found in the literature about the effects nonlinear texts can cause for processing, achieving coherence and thus, building a mental representation (Dillon, 1996; Smith, 1994; Charney, 1994, McKnight, Dillon & Richardson, 1993). In order to achieve the objectives proposed here, two texts, having similar characteristics, were designed and presented as hypertexts and as linear texts. Four research questions and hypotheses framed this investigation, and three different instruments were used to collect the data: recall of main propositions, comprehension questions and contradictions. In addition to these instruments, a modified version of the original Daneman and Carpenter's (1980) reading span test developed by Torres (2003) was applied, considering the assumption that there is a relationship between participants' performance and their working memory spans (Tomitch, 2005, Torres, 2003, Engle, Kane & Tuholsky, 1999; Daneman & Capenter, 1980). Forty-two participants from two nationalities (21 Brazilians and 21 Chinese) and from different universities (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Univerisdade Estadual de Maringá, and Loughborough University, UK) participated in this study. The results obtained signal to the fact that hypertexts might compromise comprehension, especially, for low-span participants. An unexpected outcome was obtained in relation to the Chinese participants who presented lower working memory spans compared to the Brazilian group, and therefore, presented lower performance. The broad conclusion achieved here is that different variables such as readers' working memory capacity, their first language, and the mode of text presentation may interfere in L2 reading, and each one of theses characteristics might hamper, in different ways, in the construction of a coherent mental representation
Do differences in the scale of irrigation projects generate different impacts on poverty and production?
No full textThis paper investigates differences in household production and consumption among small- and large-scale irrigators to assess whether the scale of an irrigation project increases household welfare in Mali. Much of the evidence of the impact of irrigation does not use counterfactual analysis to estimate such impact or distinguish between the scale of the irrigation projects to be evaluated. In the dataset collected by the author, both a large-scale irrigation project and small-scale projects are used to construct counterfactual groups. Propensity score matching is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for small and large irrigators relative to nonirrigators on agricultural production, agricultural income, and consumption per capita. Small-scale irrigation has a larger effect on agricultural production and agricultural income than large-scale irrigation, but large-scale irrigation has a larger effect on consumption per capita. This suggests that market integration and nonfarm externalities are important in realizing gains in agricultural surplus from irrigation.Irrigation, program evaluation,
The tribe Monochamini in the western hemisphere (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
No full textSeries title in part on t.-p.Mode of access: Internet
The orbital period and system parameters of the recurrent nova T Pyx
No full textT Pyx is a luminous recurrent nova that accretes at a much higher rate than is expected for its photometrically determined orbital period of about 1.8 h. We here provide the first spectroscopic confirmation of the orbital period, P = 1.8295 h (f = 13.118368 +/- 1.1 x 10(-5) c d(-1)), based on time-resolved optical spectroscopy obtained at the Very Large Telescope and the Magellan telescope. We also derive an upper limit of the velocity semi-amplitude of the white dwarf, K 1 = 17.9 +/- 1.6 kms(-1), and estimate amass ratio of q = 0.20 +/- 0.03. If the mass of the donor star is estimated using the period-density relation and theoretical main-sequence mass-radius relation for a slightly inflated donor star, we find M-2 = 0.14 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot. This implies a mass of the primary white dwarf of M-1 = 0.7 +/- 0.2 M-circle dot. If the white-dwarf mass is > 1 M-circle dot, as classical nova models imply, the donor mass must be even higher. We therefore rule out the possibility that T Pyx has evolved beyond the period minimum for cataclysmic variables. We find that the system inclination is constrained to be i approximate to 10 degrees, confirming the expectation that T Pyx is a low-inclination system. We also discuss some of the evolutionary implications of the emerging physical picture of T Pyx. In particular, we show that epochs of enhanced mass transfer (like the present) may accelerate or even dominate the overall evolution of the system, even if they are relatively short-lived. We also point out that such phases may be relevant to the evolution of cataclysmic variables more generally
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