1,721,003 research outputs found
Raskausajan mielikuvat varhaisen vanhempi-lapsi- suhteen ennustajina: Riskitekijöiden ja perhedynamiikan merkitys
No full textTutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kolmen erillisen tutkimusaineiston ja –asetelman avulla vanhempien raskausajan kiintymyssuhde- ja hoivamielikuvien laatua ja sitä, miten ne ennustavat tulevaa vanhemmuutta.
Tutkimus kohdistui mielikuviin vauvasta, itsestä ja puolisosta vanhempina sekä lapsuuden mielikuviin omista vanhemmista. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa selvitettiin näiden mielikuvien pysyvyyttä vauvan syntymän jälkeiselle ajalle: tapahtuiko odotuksissa pettymystä, mitkä tekijät selittivät pettymystä, ja kuinka odotuksissa pettyminen vaikutti vanhemmuuteen. Tutkimme eroja isien ja äitien välillä sekä erityispiirteitä erilaisten riskiryhmien mielikuvissa: mukana oli lääketieteellisen (lapsettomuushoitotausta) ja psykososiaalisen (masennus ja päihteidenkäyttö) riskin vanhempia.
Väitöskirjatutkimus koostui kolmesta pitkittäistutkimusaineistosta, joissa vanhemmaksi tuloa seurattiin kolmena eri ajankohtana: raskausaikana (toinen tai viimeinen raskauskolmannes) sekä varhaisessa (2-4kk) ja myöhemmässä vauvaiässä (noin yksivuotiaana). Ensimmäisessä aineistossa (artikkelit I ja IV) mukana oli 745 pariskuntaa, joista noin puolet (n=367) oli tullut raskaaksi lapsettomuushoidoilla ja puolet ilman hoitoja. Toisessa tutkimusaineistossa (artikkeli II) mukana oli 59 normatiivista äitiä, joilta tutkittiin masennusoireita sekä heidän vauvansa. Kolmas aineisto (artikkeli III) koostui 51 päihderiippuvaisesta äidistä vauvoineen, jotka osallistuivat kahteen erilaiseen päihdeinterventioon sekä 50 verrokista, jotka eivät käyttäneet päihteitä.
Tulokset osoittivat, että negatiiviset, idealisoidut tai epäkoherentit raskausajan mielikuvat ennustivat ensimmäisen ikävuoden vanhempi-lapsi- suhteen ongelmia. Samanlainen haitallinen vaikutus oli pettymyksellä raskausaikaisissa odotuksissa. Osa ilmiöistä tuli esille vain korkean riskin ryhmässä: Päihderiippuvaiset äidit olivat muita alttiimpia häiriintyneiden raskausajan mielikuvien haitalliselle vaikutuksille. Sen sijaan lapsettomuushoitotausta ei lisännyt riskiä. Äideillä korostui erityisesti mielenterveysongelmien haitallinen vaikutus mielikuvien ja varhaisen vanhemmuuden kehitykseen. Isillä taas parisuhdeongelmat vaikuttivat erityisen negatiivisesti. Väitöskirjassa pohditaan näitä tuloksia myös raskauden ja vauva-ajan interventioiden kehittämisen näkökulmasta.The aim of this study was to examine parents’ prenatal representations of attachment and caregiving and the effects of these on postnatal parenting, using three different samples and research settings. Representations of the baby, the self-as-parent, the spouse-as-parent and of one’s parents as parents to self in childhood were examined. Further, we assessed the stability of these representations into the postnatal period, that is, whether violation of expectations occurred, and the causes and consequences of these violations. Differences between mothers and fathers, as well as characteristics of medical (history of infertility) and psychosocial (maternal depression and substance-abuse) risk groups were examined. The three different samples of parents were followed longitudinally over their transition to parenthood during three time points: pregnancy (second or third trimester), early postpartum (2-4 months) and late postpartum (about one year). The first sample (Studies I and IV) consisted of 745 couples, about half of them (n=367) having conceived with assisted reproductive treatment (ART) and half being spontaneously conceiving (SC). The second sample (Study II) consisted of 59 normative mothers screened for depressive symptoms and their infants. The third sample (Study III) included 51 drug-abusing mothers and their infants participating in two different drug-abuse interventions and 50 non-abusing mother-infant dyads. The results showed that negative, idealized, or incoherent prenatal representations were important predictors of postnatal parent-child relationship problems during the child’s first year. In addition, negative violation of expectations (i.e., postnatal representations being more negative than prenatal expectations) predicted postnatal parent-child relationship adversity. The results further showed unique group-specific features: High-risk drug-abusing mothers were the most vulnerable to the effects of non-optimal prenatal representations, whereas infertility history did not exacerbate the risk. According to this study, among mothers the role of mental health symptoms seems to be especially pronounced and intertwined with early parenting and representational processes. Among fathers, on the other hand, the effects of marital relations seem to be more crucial. The results are discussed in the light of the development and implementation of early preventive interventions during the prenatal and early postnatal periods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Vauvojen huostaanotto kehityksellisenä ja tutkimusperustaisena kysymyksenä
Full text linkPeer reviewe
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
