2,353 research outputs found
Investing in science : Social cost-benefit analysis of research infrastructures
No full textA proposal for using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large scientific projects.
Large particle accelerators, outer space probes, genomics platforms: all are scientific enterprises managed through the new form of the research infrastructure, in which communities of scientists collaborate across nations, universities, research institutions, and disciplines. Such large projects are often publicly funded, with no accepted way to measure the benefits to society of these investments. In this book, Massimo Florio suggests the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large and costly scientific projects.
The core concept of CBA of any infrastructure is to undertake the consistent intertemporal accounting of social welfare effects using the available information. Florio develops a simple framework for such accounting in the research infrastructure context and then offers a systematic analysis of the benefits in terms of the social agents involved. He measures the benefits to scientists, students, and postdoctoral researchers; the effect on firms of knowledge spillovers; the benefits to users of information technology and science-based innovation; the welfare effects on the general public of cultural services provided by RIs; and the willingness of taxpayers to fund scientific knowledge creation. Finally, Florio shows how these costs and benefits can be expressed in the form of stochastic net present value and other summary indicators
Il mondo è finito e noi invece no. Antologia di poesia bielorussa del XXI secolo.
No full textAll’interno gli audio dei testi poetici in lingua originale, recitati dagli autori e dalle autrici.
Poesia bielorussa contemporanea: un mondo variegato ma quasi del tutto sconosciuto, che arriva per la prima volta in Italia in forma di antologia. Quaranta autori e autrici, oltre cento poesie che coprono l’arco temporale dal 2000 al 2024 e rappresentano una prima ricognizione nel territorio poetico bielorusso di oggi. Liriche diverse per stile, tematiche e persino lingua e alfabeto: qui si trovano poesie in bielorusso e russo, oltre a due testi in yiddish e tre in ucraino, testimonianza di un plurilinguismo multiforme, ereditato dal passato e di cui il libro vuole conservare una traccia importante.
Saltata agli onori della cronaca dopo le proteste del 2020, la Belarus è una terra segnata da conflitto, repressione e ingiustizia civile, ma è anche un Paese straordinariamente ricco di storia, paesaggi culturali e naturali, racconti in bilico tra mito e religione, realtà oniriche e quotidiana brutalità.
Le voci incluse nel libro raccontano di identità ibride, dilemmi esistenziali, amori per luoghi e persone, ferite insanabili, futuri da immaginare e molto altro, e lo fanno attraverso linguaggi contaminati, permeabili a giochi ed esperimenti fonetici oppure ancorandosi a modelli classici. I testi si offrono a traiettorie trasversali che attraversano le generazioni e le storie individuali, tutte raccolte in un coro tragico e sublime che – in silenzio o a gran voce – ripete: “il mondo è finito e noi invece no”.
Primo volume della collana “ConTesto: Voci dall’Est”
Persereano Villa Florio
No full textLa scheda descrive gli affreschi ottocenteschi della villa Florio di Persereano opera di Domenico Paghin
Cost–benefit analysis and the European union cohesion fund: On the social cost of capital and labour
No full textFlorio M. (2006) Cost–benefit analysis and the European Union Cohesion Fund: on the social cost of capital and labour, Regional Studies 40, 211–224. Cost–benefit analysis is a formal regulatory requirement for the evaluation of Cohesion Fund projects. It requires the calculation of shadow prices. Observed prices in less-developed European Union regions do not reflect the social opportunity cost of labour and capital because of market failures and policy constraints. The paper discusses simple rules for the calculation of financial and economic discount rates, and of shadow wages, i.e. the opportunity costs of capital and labour, in the context of the appraisal of infrastructure projects part-financed under the Cohesion Fund. It is argued that for the 2007–13 programming period, the European Commission should adopt a unique financial discount rate of 3.5% in real terms, social discount rates of 5.5% for the Convergence regions and 3.5% for Competitiveness regions, and a region-specific shadow wage rate. Cost–benefit analysis Social discount rate Shadow wage Cohesion Fund Florio M. (2006) L'analyse coût-bénéfice et le Fonds de cohésion de l'UE: à propos du coû t social du capital et du travail, Regional Studies 40, 211–224. L'analyse coût-bénéfice est une obligation légale préalable à l'évaluation des projets assistés par le Fonds de cohésion. Elle nécessite le calcul des prix virtuels. Les prix observés dans les zones de l'UE en voie de développement ne reflètent le coû t d'opportunité social, ni du travail, ni du capital, à cause de la distorsion du marché et des contraintes de politique. Cet article cherche à discuter des règles simples visant le calcul des taux d'escompte financiers et économiques, et des salaires virtuels; autrement dit les coû ts d'opportunité du capital et du travail, dans le cadre de l'évaluation des projets d'équipement financés en partie sous l'égide du Fonds de cohésion. On affirme que, pour la période de programmation 2007–13, la Commission européenne devrait adopter un taux d'escompte financier unique de 3,5% en termes réels, des taux d'escompte sociaux de 5,5% pour les régions de convergence et de 3,5% pour les régions de l'Objectif ‘compétitivité’, et un taux des salaires virtuels propre à chaque zone. Analyse coût-bénéfice Taux d'escompte social Salaire virtuel Fonds de cohésion Florio M. (2006) Kosten-Nutzenanalyse und der Kohäsionsfond der EU: Bemerkungen zu den Sozialkosten von Kapital und Arbeit, Regional Studies 40, 211–224. Kosten-Nutzenanalyse ist ein formales behö rdliches Erfordernis für die Evaluierung von Kohäsionsfondprojekten. Es bedarf der Berechnung von ‘Schattenpreisen’. In weniger entwickelten EU Regionen beobachtete Preise spiegeln nicht die sozialen Opportunitätskosten von Arbeit und Kapital wider aufgrund von Marktversagen und Policybedingten Einsdränkungen. Dieser Aufsatz bespricht einfache Regeln für die Berechnung finanzieller und wirtschaftlicher Diskontsätze und für Schattenlöhne, d.h. die Opportunitätskosten von Kapital und Arbeit im Zusammenhang mit der Einschätzung von Infrastrukturprojekten, die vom Kohäsionsfond teilfinanziert werden. Es wird der Standpunkt vertreten, dass die Europäische Kommission für die Programmperiode 2007–2013 einen einmaligen Finanzdiskontsatz von effektiv 3,5% einführen sollte, einen sozialen Diskontsatz von 5,5% für “Konvergenz” Regionen und 3,5% für “Wettbewerbs” Regionen sowie einen bestimmten regionenspezifisch zugeschnittenen Schattenlohnsatz. Kosten-Nutzenanalyse sozialer Diskontsatz Schattenlohn Kohäsionsfond Florio M. (2006) Análisis coste-beneficio y el Fondo de Cohesión de la UE: sobre el coste social de capital y trabajo, Regional Studies 40, 211–224. Los análisis de costes y beneficios son un requisito formal y reglamentario para llevar a cabo la evaluación de los proyectos del Fondo de Cohesión. Requieren el cálculo de los ‘precios sombra’. En los precios de las regiones de la UE menos desarrolladas no queda reflejado el coste de oportunidad social de trabajo y capital debido a fallos de mercado y restricciones polí– ticas. Aquí se exponen reglas simples para el cálculo de las tasas de descuento, según un valor financiero y económico, y los ‘salarios sombra’, es decir, los costes de oportunidad de capital y trabajo, en el ámbito de una valoración de proyectos de infraestructura financiado en parte por el Fondo de Cohesión. Se sostiene que para el periodo de programación 2007–2013, la Comisión Europea debería adoptar una tasa exclusiva de descuento financiero del 3,5% en términos reales, tasas de descuento social del 5,5% para las regiones de Convergencia, un 3,5% para las regiones de Competitividad y una tasa específica de salario sombra para cada región. Análisis de costes y beneficios Tasa de descuento social Salario sombra Fondo de cohesión
Investing in science: social cost-benefit analysis of research infrastructures
No full textA proposal for using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large scientific projects. Large particle accelerators, outer space probes, genomics platforms: all are scientific enterprises managed through the new form of the research infrastructure, in which communities of scientists collaborate across nations, universities, research institutions, and disciplines. Such large projects are often publicly funded, with no accepted way to measure the benefits to society of these investments. In this book, Massimo Florio suggests the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large and costly scientific projects. The core concept of CBA of any infrastructure is to undertake the consistent intertemporal accounting of social welfare effects using the available information. Florio develops a simple framework for such accounting in the research infrastructure context and then offers a systematic analysis of the benefits in terms of the social agents involved. He measures the benefits to scientists, students, and postdoctoral researchers; the effect on firms of knowledge spillovers; the benefits to users of information technology and science-based innovation; the welfare effects on the general public of cultural services provided by RIs; and the willingness of taxpayers to fund scientific knowledge creation. Finally, Florio shows how these costs and benefits can be expressed in the form of stochastic net present value and other summary indicators
The great divestiture : evaluating the welfare impact of the British privatizations 1979-1997
No full textThe privatization carried out under the Thatcher and Major governments in Britain has been widely (although not universally) considered a success, and has greatly influenced the privatization of state industries in the transition economies of Eastern Europe. Massimo Florio's systematic analysis is the first comprehensive treatment of the overall welfare impact of this broad national policy of divestiture. Using the tools of social cost-benefit analysis, Florio assesses the effect of privatization on consumers, taxpayers, firms, shareholders, and workers. His conclusion may be surprising to some; his findings suggest that the changeover to private ownership per se had little effect on long-term trends in prices and productivity in Britain and contributed to regressive redistribution.
After historical and theoretical overviews of privatization and a look at macroeconomic trends in the Thatcher-Major era, Florio considers in detail the microeconomic effects of British privatization on several key groups. In successive chapters, he examines firms and productivity changes; shareholders' windfall gains and evidence of underpricing and outperformance in privatized companies; workers, management, and changes in industrial relations; consumers and the quantity and quality of goods after the change to public ownership; and taxpayers and the interplay between privatization and tax reform. He follows these chapters with a case study of British Telecom—significant not only because it was the largest divestiture of the period but also because of its influence on subsequent telecommunications privatization elsewhere. The final chapter considers the overall quantitative impact of the Thatcher-Major privatization on all sectors and its relationship with regulation and liberalization. The Great Divestiture not only offers an exhaustive analysis of the effects of the British process of privatization but also illustrates a method of inquiry and a testable research approach that could prove to be useful in similar studies of other countrie
Grandi e piccole imprese nel Centro-Nord e nel Mezzogiorno: un modello empirico dell’impatto occupazionale nel lungo periodo
No full textQuesto lavoro presenta una verifica dell'ipotesi formulata in Florio (1991, 1996) secondo cui le relazioni fra grandi e piccole imprese sono la risultante di due forze opposte. Da un lato le grandi imprese possono agire come propulsori di sviluppo locale secondo modelli di propagazione ben studiati dal punto di vista teorico ed empirico. D'altro canto le stesse grandi imprese, soprattutto in settori e contesti ambientali deboli, possono avere effetti di spiazzamento dell'offerta locale in particolare attraverso il reclutamento come dipendenti di potenziali piccoli imprenditori. Quale delle due forze prevalga non può essere detto in generale, ma va esaminato in diversi periodi, settori, contesti regionali. Il tema ha particolare rilevanza nel caso italiano sotto il profilo delle politiche pubbliche, in particolare del ruolo che le politiche di sviluppo regionale e per l'occupazione dovrebbero assegnare alle grandi imprese, anche in considerazione dei processi di ristrutturazione che le coinvolgono (Giunta, 1997). Fra queste politiche in Italia, ad esempio, vi sono i contratti di programma con i quali lo Stato sussidia grandi progetti industriali in aree depresse (Florio, Giunta, 1998). Il presente testo non intende rispondere in modo definitivo alla questione proposta, ma suggerisce una metodologia che potrà essere ulteriormente sviluppata. Per lo svolgimento dell'analisi è stata costruita una base-dati che comprende dati censuari e dati Inps a base provinciale. In particolare i dati dei censimenti sono stati raccolti dal 1951 al 1991, con una copertura quindi pari a mezzo secolo di storia economica nazionale, aggiornando e migliorando un analogo esercizio presentato in Florio (1991). Il lavoro è strutturato come segue: a) una prima sezione presenta alcune considerazioni suggerite dall'esame dei dati; b) la seconda sezione presenta un modello empirico; c) nella terza sezione sono esposti i risultati. In appendice, sono riportati per esteso i dati provinciali utilizzati. Gli autori saranno lieti di fornire tale base-dati su dischetto ad altri ricercatori che desiderino verificare o estendere l'analisi
The socioeconomic impact of large scale research infrastructures: models, methods, and data
No full textIn chapter 16, Bastianin and Florio survey models and methods used to assess the economic and societal impacts of Large Scale Research Infrastructures (LSRIs) and provide a taxonomy of existing frameworks of analysis and then review the methodologies used to quantitatively assess the impacts of LSRIs. They also survey the literature that provides quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effects of LSRIs and discuss methodological policy implications arising from such studies
El dibujo y el levantamiento arquitectónico del patrimonio cultural. Procedimientos de levantamiento y representación integrada del pasado convento de Donnaròmita, Nápoles
No full textLa compleja temática que se oculta
en las operaciones de dibujo y de
representación arquitectónica y urbana
tiene una especial importancia en la
actualidad, en particular, en virtud de su
acción requerida de construir modelos
de referencia que asuman el objetivo de
analizar sus raíces profundas y explicar
sus componentes característicos con
el fi n de hacer posible las operaciones
posteriores de análisis, conocimiento y
evaluación. A partir de estas premisas
de refl exión, tanto en las operaciones
de trabajos de campo como en las
fases de síntesis de interpretación o de
representación de datos adquiridos, el
presente estudio se centra en el vínculo
tejido por los tipos de arquitecturas que
se transforman en ciudades. Para ello
se ha tomado un camino de exploración
de los tipos de arquitecturas que en
muchos casos ha establecido un modelo
en aumento de las características de
confi guración examinadas (FLORIO R.,
2006), activando procesos analíticocognitivos
con el objeto de examinar
las condiciones en el “estado”, de las
capacidades y potencialidades de
los tipos de arquitecturas que, leídas
tanto en su emergencia paradigmática
como en el valor de su papel en la
complejidad del complejo, encarnan el
código de pertenencia a la estructura
urbana (KERSTEN T.P., 2010). Las
acciones interrelacionadas de lectura y
recuperación de datos han recurrido, en
algunos casos a un análisis profundo de
técnicas avanzadas de levantamiento que han permitido adquirir datos
morfométricos y colorimétricos de los
artefactos, restituyendo así, a través de un
procesamiento de alta calidad y control
detallado de datos recolectados, su
confi guración espacial leída en la trama
de la disposición compositiva
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