330 research outputs found
Profit as Social Rent: Embeddedness and Stratification in Markets
No full textThis article shows how research on the social structure of markets may contribute to the analysis the growing income inequality in contemporary capitalist economies. The author proposes a theoretical link between embeddedness and social stratification by discussing the role of institutions and networks in markets for the distribution of economic profits between firms. The author claims that we must understand profit and free competition as opposites, as economic theory does. In the main part of the article the author illustrates six typical mechanisms of rent extraction from networks or formal and symbolic rules that embed markets. They emerge from material as well as symbolical access to and influence on the orientation of other market actors. Social structures in markets lead to unequal chances for rent extraction, even if actors produce them for coordination rather than for accumulation purposes. This is how market sociology and theory of capitalism can be linked more closely
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
No full textThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
No full textThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Micromechanical finite element modeling of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics
No full textLong fiber reinforced thermoplastics are promising candidates for the mass production of lightweight components. In order to predict their microstructure-dependent mechanical properties, a novel procedure for the generation of a representative volume element is developed. The approach mimics the pressing process during the fabrication of the material by compression molding. The model is experimentally validated with respect to different mechanical properties, including elasticity, creep and damage
An anisotropic creep model for continuously and discontinuously fiber reinforced materials
No full textMicromechanical finite element modeling of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics
No full textLong fiber reinforced thermoplastics are promising candidates for the mass production of lightweight components. In order to predict their microstructure-dependent properties, a novel procedure for the generation of a representative volume element is developed. The approach mimics the pressing process during the fabrication of the material by compression molding. The model is experimentally validated with respect to different mechanical properties, including elasticity, creep and damage
Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments
No full textAbstractEmissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy
Creep resistance of load application inserts for hybrid thermoplastic sandwich structures
No full textCCLA
An anisotropic creep model for continuously and discontinuously fiber reinforced thermoplastics
No full textObjective of the present study is the definition and implementation of a constitutive creep model for fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Both, unidirectionally as well as discontinuously long fiber reinforced materials are considered. Assuming that creep deformation is restricted to the thermoplastic matrix, a three term Kelvin Voigt formulation is employed as a base material model. For continuously unidirectionally fiber reinforced materials, the thermoplastic matrix is superimposed with a standard linear elastic model. For discontinuously long fiber reinforced thermoplastics, an anisotropic generalization of the original, isotropic Kelvin-Voigt model is proposed. Both models are implemented into a finite element program and validated against an experimental data base consisting of tensile creep experiments on neat matrix material, unidirectionally fiber reinforced material as well as discontinuously long fiber reinforced material with different fiber volume fractions. Different fiber orientations as well as different temperatures are considered. As a structural example for further validation, creep experiments on loading points for hybrid thermoplastic sandwich structures are performed and simulated numerically. In all cases, the experimental results and the numerical prediction are found in a good agreement.19
Armed with swords and scales ::law, culture, and local courtrooms in London, 1860-1913 /
No full textIn the mid-eighteenth century, author and magistrate Henry Fielding adjudicated cases of theft, assault, and public disorder from his London home on Bow Street. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Fielding's modest 'police office' had expanded to become the most prolific court system in Britain and the cornerstone of criminal and civil justice in the metropolis. Sascha Auerbach examines the fascinating history of this institution through the lens of 'courtroom culture' - the combination of formal statute and informal custom that guided everyday practice in the London Police Courts. He offers a new model for understanding the relationship between law, culture, and society in modern Britain and illuminates how the local courtroom became a crucial part of everyday life and thoroughly entangled with popular representations of justice and morality
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