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Da Haiti a Cuba : migrazioni, schiavitù e razza nel mondo atlantico (1790-1840)
No full textLa serie di rivolte che prese il nome collettivo di Rivoluzione haitiana sconvolse la colonia francese di Saint Domingue, tra il 1790 e il 1804, anno della dichiarazione di indipendenza della repubblica di Haiti. La ribellione, violenta e organizzata, della popolazione nera e servile contro i coloni bianchi portò all'indipendenza dell'isola caraibica dall'assoggettamento francese, annunciando l'avvento di un tempo nuovo e l'imposizione di un modello di società e di un'idea di umanità libe-rati sia dalla dominazione coloniale sia dalla schiavitù. Allo stesso tempo tuttavia, sin dall'inizio dell'insurrezione, le notizie sulle rivolte degli schiavi del territorio francese di Saint-Domingue circolarono ampiamente sia tra gli amministratori coloniali sia tra gli schiavi delle altre isole dei Caraibi. In tutto il mondo atlantico, insieme alle informazioni su ciò che stava avvenendo nell'isola, si estendeva la paura e il terrore che ciò che era accaduto a Haiti potesse estendersi anche agli altri territori coloniali (Gómez 2013). Le notizie sulle rivolte che circolarono in tutto lo spazio atlantico contribui-rono a creare un ritratto di Haiti come di un luogo violento, selvaggio e dominato dalla barbarie, trasformando l'oppressione coloniale nella condanna all'isolamento sociale, politico e economico che caratterizza l'isola ancora oggi e alimentando al contempo violenti pregiudizi e discriminazioni nei confronti degli haitiani
[Recensione a] L. Maremonti, La monarchia e il Libertador : sovranità e istituzioni nel primo Impero messicano (1821-1823), Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2021
No full textLas mujeres y las familias multirraciales en la redefinición de los estatus de los libres de color: el caso de las negras francesas en Cuba, siglo XIX
No full textcentury
No full textBased on both archival material from the European colonial archives in Aix-en-Provence, Madrid, and London and documents held at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, this paper analyses court cases related to petitions submitted by enslaved people to foreign diplomacy in Cuba, exploring the entanglement between mobility in trans-imperial Caribbean space and the use of law by enslaved people in the Age of Abolition. Drawing mainly on legal sources, it emphasizes how slavery and freedom remain ambiguous and contested concepts in the shifting boundaries between free and unfree labor. (Im)mobility – understood both as the transition from one legal status to another and as migration – represented a practice to escape coercion and a tool of control, through which new forms of coercion emerged and were regulated
Vulnerable Freedom(s). Slavery, Diplomacy, and the Law in the Caribbean Age of Abolition (1807-1868).
Full text linkFrom the last decades of the 18th century onwards, new ideas crossed the ocean redefining relations between empires. The Age of Revolution altered the imperial balances with the loss of some colonial territories and the emergence of new poles of influence in the Americas. The expansion of sugar production that triggered a second wave of slavery, combined with changing market relations, reconfigured the global economy. This dissertation deals with the unraveling of slavery’s legal regimes within the British, Spanish, and French empires in the Caribbean. It explores the entanglements between mobility in the region and the use of law by enslaved people in the Age of Abolition.The mobility of people, goods, ideas, and even institutions, norms, and practices in the Atlantic world intensified connections across imperial boundaries. At the same time, slave revolts and British abolitionist aspirations reconfigured the geographies of slavery and freedom in the Caribbean area. Between the 1807 British Slave Trade Act and the beginning of the process of gradual abolition of slavery in Spanish Cuba, this trans-imperial space intertwined social, economic, and political trajectories in ways that imperial or national histories often fail to convey.Drawing primarily on legal sources collected in European colonial archives (Seville, Madrid, London, Aix-en-Provence, Paris) and in the Cuban National Archive (Havana), the dissertation examines the petitions that enslaved people submitted to free themselves from slavery, navigating competing legal regimes. The aim is to examine how the chances of gaining freedom changed as the regulation of the slave trade and slavery increased. By focusing on the trajectories of enslaved people and legal petitions, the dissertation addresses the issue of mobility both as the transition from one legal status to another in different colonial societies and as migration, forced, or voluntary, within the Caribbean, interrogating in original terms the notions and meaning of belonging, sovereignty, and freedom in the Emancipation era.Divided into four chapters, the study traces the ways in which African Caribbeans escaped slavery, re-enslaved and were freed in an environment marked by imperial competitions, abolitionist ideas, enslaved/enslaver conflicts, and the constant precariousness of freedom. Against the backdrop of the revolutionary changes that impacted the region, the first chapter investigates the development of British anti-slave legislation, bilateral treaty diplomacy, and reforms to the slavery system in the interconnected space of the Caribbean. The second chapter examines how imperial policies toward slave fugitives changed over time and how enslaved people used British free soil and imperial antagonism to escape their masters’ control. While the transoceanic trade continued in the shadows, the Caribbean area was crisscrossed with illegal practices of re-enslavement by traders who supported the illegal smuggling of captives to sustain plantation economies. Examining the persistence of intercolonial routes for illegal trafficking beyond the formal cessation of the Atlantic slave trade, chapter three delves into the intricate relationship between smuggling, the semi-official slave trade, and the domestic institution of slavery. Finally, chapter four explores how individuals in bondage gained freedom through evolving inter-imperial relations and the expansion of emancipation decrees. The examination of legal procedures reveals how enslaved people understood and interpreted the various legal frameworks in their favor. As Britain prevented the illegal slave trade and projected imperial power beyond its borders, enslaved people used the composite notion of diplomatic protection to gain freedom through manumission. These freedom-seeking petitioners challenged the very legitimacy of slavery, questioned its maintenance in the courts and contributed to its definitive abandonment in the Caribbean
Tra schiavitù e libertà : status e diritti nello spazio caraibico, XIX secolo
Full text linkIn 1843, six free Blacks from Jamaica were accused of abolitionist propaganda in Spanish
Cuba. At the same time, some men and women in bondage applied to the British Consulate
in Havana to have their free status recognized. In the XIX century, the revolts against the
institution of slavery multiplied, raising the spectre of the Haitian revolution in the Atlantic
world. Based on materials collected in European colonial archives (Madrid, London, and
Aix-en-Provence), this paper deals whit the anti-slavery conflicts and the legal battles for
the recognition of freedom in the Caribbean empires. The access to new statuses and rights
by enslaved people questions different forms of resistance to slavery in the complex
dialogue between collective insurrections and individual struggles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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