101 research outputs found
Maurice Halbwachs, tra il suo e il nostro tempo
No full textThe aims of the article is Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945), French sociologist of the second generation of Durkheimians, through the reading proposed by the recent book Maurice Halbwachs. Un sociologo della complessità sociale published by Morlacchi. Not a simple review, rather a split on an author who, after a century, shows the great legacy of French sociology in the first half of the twentieth century and its actuality
Electronic Dictionaries for Information Retrieval, Automatic Textual Analysis and Semantic-Based Data Mining Software
No full textToday Lexicon-Grammar (LG) remains one of the most consistent
Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches, especially for
Semantic-Based Data Mining (SBDM) and Semantic Web. Its main goal
is to describe all mechanisms of word combinations closely related to the
concrete use of lexical units and to sentence creation. Also, it gives an
exhaustive description of lexical and syntactic structures of several
languages. LG was set up by the French linguist Maurice Gross during
the ‘60s, and subsequently developed for and applied to Italian by
Annibale Elia, Emilio D’Agostino and Maurizio Martinelli. Its
theoretical approach is prevalently based on Zelig Sabbettai Harris’
Operator-Argument Grammar, which assumes that each human language
is a self-organizing system, and that the syntactic and semantic properties
of a given word may be calculated on the basis of the relationships this
word has with all other co-occurring words inside given sentence
contexts. Simple sentences2 are the minimal linguistic meaning structures
upon which LG founds its studies on natural language syntactic features.
In the last twenty years, LG has also reached important results in the
domain of automatic textual analysis and parsing with NLP-oriented
software such as INTEX3, UNITEX4, and more recently NOOJ5.
1 Alberto Postiglione is author of paragraph 4.1. Mario Monteleone is author of
paragraphs 3.1 and 4. Federica Marano is author of paragraphs 3.2 and 4.3. Johanna
Monti is author of sections 1 and 2. Antonella Napoli is author of paragraph 4.2.
2 In LG, a simple sentence is formed by a unique predicative element (a verb, but
also a name or an adjective) plus all the necessary arguments it selects to achieve
acceptability and grammaticality. The study of simple sentences is completed analyzing
the rules of co-occurrence and selection restriction, which are distributional and
transformational rules based on predicate syntactic-semantic properties.
3 For more on INTEX, see http://intex.univ-fcomte.fr/.
4 For more on UNITEX, see http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/.
5 For more on NooJ, see http://www.nooj4nlp.net/pages/nooj.html.
ALBERTO POSTIGLIONE - MARIO MONTELEONE -
FEDERICA MARANO - JOHANNA MONTI - ANTONELLA NAPOLI1
Università degli Studi di Salerno
ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL,
AUTOMATIC TEXTUAL ANALYSIS AND SEMANTIC-BASED
DATA MINING SOFTWARE
1. Theoretical and analytical framework: Lexicon-Gramma
Maurice Blanchot: la literatura como cuestión
No full textQuestioning about literature exceeds the limits of literary criticism and becomes a philosophical inquire. But this is possible just if one agrees that between philosophy and literature there are more convergences than clear boundaries. Writing is one of those common points where, precisely, Maurice Blanchot places the emphasis of his work of writing about the writing itself; because the inquire about literature is made while writing, while being exposed to the impossible experience of writing that questions the work�s and author�s notion; since literature is no more than the search for its own absent center, its non-essence and the origin�s absence. Questioning about literature is to undertake and infinite search that won�t find definitive answers, is an anonymous experience to which does not underlay the figure of an author or a subject, because literary space is the outside in which incessantly disappearance and language dispersion reigns; but in spite of that, is the space of writing.Preguntar por la literatura excede los límites de la crítica literaria y llega a ser una indagación de carácter filosófico. Pero ello sólo es posible si se acepta que entre filosofía y literatura hay más convergencias que distinciones rígidas. La escritura es uno de esos puntos de convergencia donde, precisamente, Maurice Blanchot pone el énfasis de su ejercicio de escritura sobre la escritura misma; pues indagar por la literatura se hace mientras se escribe, exponiéndose a la experiencia imposible de la escritura que cuestiona la noción de obra de arte y de autor; ya que la literatura no es más que la búsqueda de su centro ausente, su no esencia y la ausencia de origen. Preguntar por la literatura es emprender una búsqueda infinita que no encontrará respuestas definitivas, es una experiencia anónima a la cual no es posible que subyazca la figura del autor o sujeto, pues el espacio literario es el afuera en el que reina la desaparición incesante, la dispersión del lenguaje; pero, a pesar de ello, es el espacio de la escritura
Maurice Blanchot: la literatura como cuestión
No full textQuestioning about literature exceeds the limits of literary criticism and becomes a philosophical inquire. But this is possible just if one agrees that between philosophy and literature there are more convergences than clear boundaries. Writing is one of those common points where, precisely, Maurice Blanchot places the emphasis of his work of writing about the writing itself; because the inquire about literature is made while writing, while being exposed to the impossible experience of writing that questions the work’s and author’s notion; since literature is no more than the search for its own absent center, its nonessence and the origin’s absence. Questioning about literature is to undertake and infinite search that won’t find definitive answers, is an anonymous experience to which does not underlay the figure of an author or a subject, because literary space is the outside in which incessantly disappearance and language dispersion reigns; but in spite of that, is the space of writing.Preguntar por la literatura excede los límites de la crítica literaria y llega a ser una indagación de carácter filosófico. Pero ello sólo es posible si se acepta que entre filosofía y literatura hay más convergencias que distinciones rígidas. La escritura es uno de esos puntos de convergencia donde, precisamente, MauriceBlanchot pone el énfasis de su ejercicio de escritura sobre la escritura misma; pues indagar por la literatura se hace mientras se escribe, exponiéndose a la experiencia imposible de la escritura que cuestiona la noción de obra de arte y de autor; ya que la literatura no es más que la búsqueda de su centro ausente, su no esencia y la ausencia de origen. Preguntar por la literatura es emprender una búsqueda infinita que no encontrará respuestas definitivas, es una experiencia anónima a la cual no es posible que subyazca la figura del autor o sujeto, pues el espacio literario es el afuera en el que reina la desaparición incesante, la dispersión del lenguaje; pero, a pesar de ello, es el espacio de la escritura
Hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina: riesgo cardiovascular, prolongación de QTc y muerte súbita en el nuevo escenario de la pandemia por COVID-19
No full textUtilidad de una extrasístole ventricular para inferir bloqueo unidireccional del istmo cavo-tricuspídeo en la ablación de aleteo auricular
No full textImplementing the market approach to enterprise support - an evaluation of ten matching grant schemes
No full textDeveloping viable new business is critical to recovery, and long-term growth, especially in transition economies. There has been a long history of public support of enterprise development, starting with centralized state agency initiatives, but moving more recently to decentralized instruments for development of the business services market. The window of time during which the benefits of intervention are likely to be greatest: when a market is in its infancy, and its development is constrained by uncertainty, and lack of information. Interventions for enterprise support should be demand-responsive, and flexibly organized. In some circumstances, centralized assistance may still be effective, but it is generally better to use competitive private service providers responding to enterprises'changing needs. The main task is to stimulate the private services sector, improving its capacity to respond to the demands of new, and expanding private enterprises. Support for enterprises has tended to be either free, or heavily subsidized. But such subsidies can be justified only if interventions efficiently supply goods. Providing technical, and management know-how can be a public good if it generates externalities- if, for example, know-how benefits can be disseminated at proportionately low additional cost. Any subsidy for an intervention should be temporary, and should be phased out when the main objective of intervention is achieved - that is, when the market takes off. Grants should generally be for know-how, not for equipment. There may be a case for unbundling the know-how component of loans (including feasibility studies, and follow-up expert services) for grant funding. A package combining loans and grants - through a single financial institution, or through separate institutions - may work provided safeguards can be put in place to prevent perverse use of grants. The matching grant model, which is used increasingly in the World Bank, and elsewhere, is one solution - but it must be justified, and carefully designed. After evaluating ten matching grant funds, the author concludes that performance is mixed. Best practice models are needed. Ensuring economic benefits requires proactive management, with clear objectives of market facilitation ("making a market"). And it requires a balance between rapid grant approval procedures, and careful selection of services for grants.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Enterprise Development&Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,ICT Policy and Strategies
Transforming the old into a foundation for the new - lessons of the Moldova ARIA Project
No full textThis paper is a case study of what is recognized as one of the more successful projects in any country in the Europe and Central Asia region, not to mention in the poorest country of the region-Moldova. The ARIA project shows new ways to attack some of the most intractable problems of private sector development in Europe and Central Asia: how to facilitate reorganization and liquidation bankruptcies; how to promote small and medium enterprise spin-offs and new start-ups; and how to promote new learning at the enterprise level, both in the form of"Marshall Plan"programs with more advanced post-socialist countries, as well as continuous improvement programs (such as those adapted from Japanese programs). The prime mover for these programs is the quasi-public restructuring agency, ARIA, which was established as part of the Moldova Private Sector Development I loan. ARIA was structured to try to combine private sector entrepreneurship with a public function in the process of restructuring and bankruptcy. The study tries to account for the strategies and innovations that lead to results. And it tries to connect the ARIA strategy to past development literature by viewing the study through Albert Hirschman's work on social learning and change.Enterprise Development&Reform,Public Health Promotion,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Small Scale Enterprise,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Banks&Banking Reform,Small Scale Enterprise,Microfinance,Private Participation in Infrastructure
Public spending and outcomes : does governance matter?
No full textThe authors examine the role of governance-measured by level of corruption and quality of bureaucracy-and ask how it affects the relationship between public spending and outcomes. Their main innovation is to see if differences in efficacy of public spending can be explained by quality of governance. The authors find that public health spending lowers child and infantmortality rates in countries with good governance. The results also indicate that as countries improve their governance, public spending on primary education becomes effective in increasing primary education attainment. These findings have important implications for enhancing the development effectiveness of public spending. The lessons are particularly relevant for developing countries, where public spending on education and health is relatively low, and the state of governance is often poor.Health Systems Development&Reform,Public Health Promotion,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,National Governance,Governance Indicators,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Public Sector Economics&Finance
Relative prices and inflation in Poland, 1989-97 : the special role of administered price increases
No full textThe author evaluates how much relative price shifts affected inflation in Poland between 1989 and 1997. He uses a theoretical model that predicts a positive relationship between variance and skewness in the distribution of relative price changes and the general inflation rate. Regressions controlling for various shocks revealed that significant relative price changes -- especially the large administered price increases associated with adjustment -- produced substantial upward inflationary pressures. Growth in money and wages were shown to fuel inflation. Appreciation of the real exchange rate lowered it. Administered price increases -- in utilities and other sectors controlled by the government -- dominated inflation from 1989-97. And the adjustment of many controlled prices is not yet complete. Ideally, future administered increases should be frequent and moderate to prevent the large price shifts that increase inflation. But because frequent price increases are likely to be politically unpopular, sizable increases may be in order so that the current underevaluation of numerous services will diminish more quickly.Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Markets and Market Access,Environmental Economics&Policies,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inflation
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