1,720,972 research outputs found
Entwicklung des illegalen Welpenhandels während der Covid-19- Pandemie
No full textDiplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2022Anhand einer Fragebogenstudie wurde untersucht, ob und inwieweit sich der illegale Welpenhandel während dem ersten Jahr der Coronapandemie vom März 2020 bis März 2021 verändert hat. Ein Fragebogen wurde an die in der Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland praktizierenden TierärztInnen verteilt. Ein weiterer richtete sich an die österreichischen AmtstierärztInnen. Insgesamt haben 227 TierärztInnen und 15 AmtstierärztInnen freiwillig an der Online-Umfrage teilgenommen. 73 % der befragten PraktikerInnen haben die Annahme bestätigt, dass seit dem ersten Covid-19-Lockdown vermehrt Welpen vorstellig wurden. Zusätzlich ist die Anzahl der Hunde gestiegen, die im ersten Coronajahr aus dem Ausland importiert wurden. 42 % der TierärztInnen konnten bis ein Fünftel dieser ausländischen Hunde für den illegalen Hunde und Welpenhandel verdächtigen. Die Herkunftsländer der Tiere variieren je nach Zielland, es handelt sich aber meist um osteuropäische Länder. Die TierärztInnen sind der Meinung, dass bis zu 25 % der Tiere aus dem Ausland bei ihrer Ankunft krank sind oder kurz danach erkranken. Am häufigsten wird Endoparasitenbefall, Ektoparasitenbefall oder unspezifischer Durchfall und Erbrechen festgestellt. Parvovirose ist die am häufigsten diagnostizierte Infektionskrankheit. Seit dem Beginn der Pandemie ist mit dem gestiegenen Import von ausländischen Hunden die Zahl der Parvovirosefälle im deutschsprachigen Raum gestiegen. Weiters wurde festgestellt, dass Hunde, die seit der Pandemie importiert wurden, vermehrt zu Verhaltensauffälligkeiten neigen. Eine fehlende oder verdächtige Tollwutimpfung, das zu junge Alter der Welpen, unvollständige Dokumente oder ein verdächtiger EU-Heimtierausweis waren für die Befragten die häufigsten Gründe, einen Verdacht des illegalen Handels auszusprechen. Beim Einreisen sind die Tiere aus dem Ausland meist jünger als im Heimtierausweis angeben und können oft keine oder nur eine unglaubwürdige Tollwutimpfung aufweisen. Der illegale Hunde- und Welpenhandel wird weiterhin aufrechterhalten, da die HändlerInnen meist nicht ausfindig gemacht werden können, es keine ausreichenden Konsequenzen gibt, die Bevölkerung äußerst unzureichend über die Thematik informiert ist und sich durch Falschinformationen zum Kauf eines billigen Welpen bewegen lässt.A questionnaire study was carried out to determine whether and to what extent the illegal puppy trade changed during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic between March 2020 and March 2021. One questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians in clinical practice in Austria, Switzerland and Germany. Another was addressed to Austrian official veterinarians. Overall, 227 veterinarians and 15 official veterinarians voluntarily participated in the online survey. A total of 73 % of veterinarians confirmed that they have examined more puppies since the first Covid-19-lockdown. Furthermore, the number of dogs imported from abroad in the first pandemic year has increased. Almost half (42 %) of the vets suspected up to a fifth of these dogs for illegal puppy trade. The countries of origin of the pets vary depending on the country of destination, but they are mostly Eastern European countries. Veterinarians estimate that up to 25 % of dogs imported into German-speaking countries are sick or get ill shortly after their arrival. Most of them have endoparasites, ectoparasites or non-specific diarrhoea and vomiting. Parvovirus is the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease. Since the beginning of the pandemic parvovirosis cases in German-speaking countries have increased with the increased import of dogs. Furthermore, it has been found that dogs imported since the pandemic are more likely to develop behavioural problems. A missing or dubious rabies vaccination, puppies being too young, incomplete documents or a suspicious European pet passport were the most common reasons for the respondents to suspect illegal trade. When passing the border, the dogs are usually younger than stated in their pet passport and often no or only an untrustworthy rabies vaccination document is provided. The illegal dog and puppy trade continues and grows because the traders cannot be traced and there are no sufficient consequences for them. Furthermore, the general public is extremely poorly informed about the illegal puppy trade in general and will continue buying cheap dogs and being misled by fake information
Monitoring and Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Animals
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance is a global One Health topic that affects us all, whether we are working in human or veterinary medicine. Although antibiotic use in farm animals is decreasing in many countries, other nations are still using these essential medical resources as growth promoters to boost economic gains. As veterinarians responsible for animal welfare, it is vital that we are permitted to treat sick animals effectively, but we must learn to be more prudent in our use of these drugs. It is essential that we, as responsible clinicians, policy makers, and researchers, develop methods of quantifying, monitoring, benchmarking, and reporting antibiotic use in both farm and companion animals, so that antimicrobial stewardship schemes can be implemented and their successes or failures analyzed. This Special Issue includes research on antibiotic use and resistance in a variety of animal species, covering cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and pets. The relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance in animals is investigated on a global scale, with authors from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Zeitliche Entwicklung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes bei kleinen Wiederkäuern an der Universitätsklinik für Wiederkäuer der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
No full textDiplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2022Da nur wenige Daten über den tatsächlichen Antibiotikaverbrauch bei kleinen Wiederkäuern in Österreich vorliegen, sollte diese Arbeit zur Aufklärung der Sachlage an der Veterinär-medizinischen Universität Wien beitragen. Bei dieser retrospektiven Analyse wurden die quantitativen Veränderungen der Antibiotika-verbrauchsmenge vom 01.01.2005 bis 31.12.2019 beleuchtet. Der Einfluss der „Leitlinie für den sorgfältigen Umgang mit antibakteriell wirksamen Tierarzneimitteln“ wurde analysiert. Dafür wurde die aus dem Tierspitalinformationssystem (TIS, Agfa HealthCare Group, Belgien) gewonnenen Daten mittels modifiziertem TGD-Diagnoseschlüssel codiert. Das Lebendgewicht der Tiere wurde mittels Brody-Wachstumskurve berechnet. Daraufhin wurden die Antibiotikaverbrauchsdaten pro Wirkstoffklasse in Milligramm pro Jahr und Milligramm pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht pro Jahr berechnet. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich der prozentuale Anteil der vier Antibiotikakategorien nach Einteilung der europäischen Arzneimittelbehörde an der Gesamtmenge in den Jahren 2005–2019 verändert hat. Zur besseren Darstellbarkeit wurden lokale antibakterielle Behandlungen aus der Analyse ausgeschlossen. An der Universitätsklinik wurden von 2005–2019 insgesamt 5547 antibiotische Behandlungen bei 967 Patienten (429 Schafe und 538 Ziegen) durchgeführt. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Antibiotikaverbrauchsmenge von 2006–2019 eine sinkende Tendenz zeigte. Eine Reduktion konnte sowohl in der Quantität als auch in der Art der ausgewählten und angewendeten Antibiotika (besonders der kritischen Kategorien B und C) bestätigt werden. Der Anteil der Antibiotika der Kategorie D (Antibiotika der 1. Wahl) stieg jedoch, besonders ab der Einführung der Antibiotikaleitlinie in 2013 an. Von den eingesetzten Antibiotika in den 15 Behandlungsjahren entfielen die größten Mengen auf Penicilline (7,79 mg/kg), Aminoglykoside (10,74 mg/kg) und Tetrazykline (8,44 mg/kg). Die größten Antibiotikamengen pro Kilogramm Lebendgewicht wurden für Allgemein-infektionen (9,17 mg/kg), Stoffwechselerkrankungen (8,80 mg/kg) und Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats (7,40 mg/kg) genutzt. Obwohl diese Arbeit einen ersten Einblick gewährt, wären weitere Studien auf landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben notwendig, um den Einfluss der Antibiotikabehandlungen bei Schaf und Ziegen auf die Resistenzentwicklung genau betrachten zu können.As there is little data available on the actual use of antibiotics in small ruminants in Austria, this retrospective study was intended to describe trends in antibiotic use in these species at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. In particular, we looked at the quantitative and qualitative changes in antibiotic consumption from 01.01.2005 to 31.12.2019. The influence of the "Guideline for the prudent use of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products" was analysed. In addition, the extent to which the proportions of the four antibiotic categories, as classified by the European Medicines Agency, have changed, was investigated. For this purpose, data obtained from the animal hospital information system were coded using a modified diagnosis code. The liveweight of the animals was estimated using calculations based on the Brody growth curve. Antibiotic consumption data per drug class were then calculated in milligrams per year and milligrams per kilogram of biomass per year. Local antibiotic treatments were excluded from the analysis. At the university referral hospital, a total of 5547 treatments with antibiotics were administered to 967 patients (429 sheep and 538 goats) from 2005-2019. In summary, it can be said that the total amount of antibiotics consumed showed a decreasing trend from 2006-2019. A reduction could be confirmed both in the quantity and in the type of the selected and applied antibiotics (especially the more critical categories B and C). However, the proportion of category D antibiotics (1st choice antibiotics) increased, especially following the introduction of the antibiotic prudent use guidelines in 2013. Of the antibiotics used over the 15-year period, the largest quantities were penicillins (7.79 mg/kg), aminoglycosides (10.74 mg/kg) and tetracyclines (8.44 mg/kg).The largest amounts of antibiotics per kilogram of liveweight were used for general infections (9.17 mg/kg), metabolic diseases (8.80 mg/kg) and musculoskeletal diseases (7.40 mg/kg). Although this work serves as a first insight, further studies on farms would be necessary to look closely at the impact of antibiotic treatments in sheep and goats on the development of resistance
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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