1,721,023 research outputs found
Emergence and evolution of organizations out of garbage can dynamics: A few insights for the theory of the firm, entrepreneurship, and industrial economics
No full textThis paper illustrates an artificial ecosystem where hierarchical organizations emerge out of collisions between individuals, problems, solutions and choice opportunities according to the rules of the Garbage Can Model of organizational choice (GCM). These organizations are subject to dynamics of imitation, growth and extinction depending on relative fitness. In particular, organizations must be able to provide advantages over isolated individuals in order to exist. In this artificial world, alternative GCM decision styles separate organizations that are founded around original competences and innovations from those that are based on variable degrees of creative imitation of existing practices. This distinction provides first of all a micro-foundation for the debate between the liability of newness and the liability of adolescence of newly-founded organizations and, secondly, an explanation for the heterogeneity of firm size distributions across industries and regional economies. Furthermore, it suggests an evolutionary mechanism for a large majority of imitating firms to co-exist along a minority of highly innovative ones. Finally, the GCM suggests that for flexible, flat organizations crowdsourcing-like mobilization of internal resources adds dynamics and complexity to evolutionary and resource-based views. This dynamics contributes to the rationales for the existence of organizations and, furthermore, it highlights a generally negected aspect of the creative destruction of firms and industries
The involvement of the public in planning and evaluating tunnel interventions on transportation networks
No full textIf mobility is a primary need of people, transportation infrastructures have to be planned with the involvement of the public. On the other hand, the evaluation of a great engineering work, as a tunnel is, needs a scientific approach. On the basis of this, the paper shows how to apply multi-criteria techniques to planning and evaluating tunnel interventions on transportation networks, using the measure of effectiveness "public satisfaction", associated to the objective "public involvement". The problem of calibrating the weight associated with this parameter is solved, proposing a new technique called the "predating process"
Aspetti petrografici degli altari in marmi policromi in Puglia
No full textIl lavoro presenta i risultati di alcune indagini petroarcheometriche svolte su altari in marmi e pietre policrome, antiche e moderne
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rivalry and Learning Among Clustered and Isolated Firms
No full textINTRODUCTION
Knowledge has become a crucial asset in modern production systems, and its creation has
become a key process in order to sustain or increase competitiveness. The ensuing shift
toward a knowledge-based economy has amplified research interests in geographical
clustering of firms, for geographical proximity is supposed to ease inter-organizational
learning. This paper aims to make a contribution by investigating the relationships between
geographical proximity and rivalry with respect to inter-organizational learning and
knowledge creation. In order to reproduce the interactions between firms, we made use of an agent-based model
where the strategic choices of rival firms are derived from general assumptions on
competitive behavior and learning processes. Aim of the model is to investigate the co-
evolution of firms’ knowledge, strategies and performances
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hierarchy and diffusion of organizational forms
Full text linkIn this paper we first of all summarize and rationalize current typologies of organizational forms, arranging available classifications in a hierarchy of increasing generality. The ensuing structure parallels the classification of living beings into classes of increasing generality such as species, genus, family, order, and so on. Subsequently, we analyze the structure of communications that favored the diffusion of each organizational form. We isolate a few stylized communication structures, pointing to the presence of several sources endowed with global connections as the most efficient diffusion mode. The empirical research that is being carried out on single organizations is close to observing their T-patterns, whereas nothing comparable is in sight for organizational forms as yet. However, at least in some cases, we dare to formulate tentative hypotheses on certain features that the ensuing T-patterns-of-patterns might exhibit
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