1,721,094 research outputs found
The efficacy of international environmental agreements when adaptation matters: Nash-Cournot vs Stackelberg leadership
No full textWe analyze the paradox of cooperation, as established by Barrett (1994), and later reiterated by many others, in a more general framework. That is, we show that stable coalitions are either small or if they are large, the potential gains from cooperation are small. First, we argue that the extension to a mitigation-adaptation game is a generalization of Barrett's pure mitigation game. Second, we consider for this extension not only the Nash-Cournot scenario, as in Bayramoglu et al. (2018), but also the Stackelberg scenario. Third, we show generally that if mitigation levels in different countries are strategic substitutes, stable coalitions are larger in the Stackelberg than in the Nash-Cournot scenario. Fourth, this is reversed if mitigation levels are strategic complements, which is possible if the strategic interaction between mitigation and adaptation is sufficiently strong. Fifth, for all possible combination of assumptions, we demonstrate that the paradox of cooperation is robust, except if mitigation and adaptation were strategic complements, which we argue is an assumption not supported by empirical evidence
The Corona-Pandemic: A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Regional and Global Governance
No full textWe argue that the incentive structure of all individual and coordinated measures across
countries to contain the corona-pandemic is that of a weakest-link public good game. We
discuss a selection of theoretical and experimental key results of weakest-link games and
interpret them in the light of the corona-pandemic. First, we highlight that experimental evidence does not support the assumption that coordination can be trivially solved, even among
symmetric players. Second, we argue that for asymmetric countries the weakest-link game
does not only pose a problem of coordination, but also a problem of cooperation. Third, we
show how and under which conditions self-enforcing treaties can foster coordination and
cooperation. We account for the possibility that countries make mistakes when choosing
their actions. Our discussion shows that North–South cooperation is relevant and likely to
be self-enforcing and that regional cooperation, e.g., within the EU, will also be important.Funding was provided by “University of Bath (VB-EC3BMF) Prof. Michael Finus and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (TrenGood, ECO2017-84461-R) Prof Alejandro Caparros.”Peer reviewe
Essays in Development Economics
Full text linkThe first paper examines the crop composition effects in 50 African countries from 1960 to 2013. The paper aims to assess the effects of climate extremes and other non-climate-related factors on major agricultural outputs across African countries. The estimation results, using fixed effect regression and ordinary least square both individually and jointly for all African countries, shows that climate extremes are not altogether bad news as it increases hectares planted of some crops. The policy recommendations for the paper are for crop mix and/or substitutability of crops owing to relative changes in the climate-and non-climate-related factors, effective fertilizer policies and increasing agricultural workers productivity in the African countries.
The second paper contributes to the policy debate on the role of political institutions as an intervening factor for the relationship between natural resource abundance (of different types) and growth performance in African countries. Using panel data econometrics for 28 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1960 to 2012, the research finds that good quality institutions can aid economic growth, and natural resource endowments are beneficial in the selected countries and not a curse. The research culminates with discussions on improving executive constraints, political participation and political openness, as these are intrinsic in the institutional measure adopted, in other to optimise the benefits of natural resource endowments.
The third paper compares the results of Datta and Reimer (2013) which is based on 100 countries over 17 years with a similar but expanded analysis of 43 African countries over 22 years. Using various econometric techniques and model specifications, the paper finds a statistically significant reciprocal relationship between income and malaria using both database. This research further finds that income is the largest driver of the negative reciprocal relationship between income and malaria using both database, and lastly that the magnitude of the effect of income on malaria is higher using the Datta and Reimer (2013) database than in the database of 43 African countries. The research culminates with recommendation on increased economic growth for the African countries and effective distribution of insecticide-treated nets in countries where malaria is rife
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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