1,720,959 research outputs found
Advantages and disadvantages of using electric delivery vehicles in the last mile delivery
No full textPrijevoz u kapilarnoj distribuciji odvija se prema krajnjem kupcu u lancu opskrbe, koncentriran je u urbanim područjima i odgovoran je za emisiju oko 25% stakleničkih plinova. Velika potrošnja energije cestovnog teretnog prometa povećava potražnju za razvojem održivih logističkih rješenja. Smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova u najvećem dijelu postiže se korištenjem električnih vozila, koja unatoč tome što generiraju više stakleničkih plinova tijekom proizvodnje, ne generiraju ih tijekom eksploatacije i samim time bolje su rješenje za okoliš. No, korištenje električnih vozila ima i druge prednosti. Elektrifikacijom vlastitog voznog parka, tvrtke mogu postići uštede, prvenstveno u pogledu izbjegavanja troškova goriva, a kroz određeno vremensko razdoblje, troškovi održavanja bi se također trebali svesti na minimum. Također, razvojem tehnologije, cijena baterija bit će sve niža, a samim time i nabavna cijena električnih vozila, koja iako još uvijek odstupa od nabavne cijene vozila s unutarnjim izgaranjem, razlika je manja nego prije. Veliki izazov za elektrifikaciju voznog parka predstavlja prometna infrastruktura za punjenje električnih vozila koja je potrebna, a troškovi ugradnje su visoki. Također, veliki nedostatak je nepoznavanje gdje i što učiniti s baterijama nakon njenog životnog vijeka.Transport in last mile takes place towards the end customer in the supply chain, it is concentrated in urban areas and is responsible for the emission of about 25% of greenhouse gases. The high energy consumption of road freight transport increases the demand for the development of sustainable logistics solutions. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is mostly achieved by the use of electric vehicles, which, despite generating more greenhouse gases during production, do not generate them during exploitation and are therefore a better solution for the environment. However, the use of electric vehicles has other advantages. By electrifying their own vehicle fleet, companies can achieve savings, primarily in terms of avoiding fuel costs, and over a period of time, maintenance costs should also be minimized. Also, with the development of technology, the price of batteries will be lower and lower, and thus the purchase price of electric vehicles, which although still differs from the purchase price of internal combustion vehicles, the difference is smaller than before. A major challenge for the electrification of the vehicle fleet is the transport infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, which is required, and the installation costs are high. Also, a big disadvantage is not knowing where and what to do with batteries after their lifetime
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Outline of Freight Forwarding Operations in Organizing Intermodal Transport
No full textIntermodalni prijevoz predstavlja kretanje dobara u jednoj i jedinstvenoj prijevoznoj jedinici ili cestovnom vozilu koji uspješno koristi dva ili više načina prijevoza bez pomicanja dobara kod promjene načina prijevoza čime se ublažava pritisak cestovnog teretnog prijevoza i zagušenje mreže. Omogućuje niže cijene prijevoza i sigurnije rukovanje korištenjem različitih modova prijevoza. U radu su prikazane značajke intermodalnog prijevoza robe te su prikazani poslovi špedicije i uloga špeditera u organizaciji intermodalnog prijevoza, a za kraj je prikazan praktičan primjer intermodalnog prijevoza.Intermodal transport represents the movement of goods in one and unique transport unit or road vehicle which successfully uses two or more modes of transport without moving goods when changing the mode of transport whereby relieving the pressure of road freight transport and network congestion. It allows lower transportation costs and safer handling by using different modes of transport. The paper presents the characteristics of intermodal transport, the operations of freight forwarding and the role of freight forwarder in organization of intermodal transport and, last but not least, practical example of intermodal transport
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Advantages and disadvantages of using electric delivery vehicles in the last mile delivery
No full textPrijevoz u kapilarnoj distribuciji odvija se prema krajnjem kupcu u lancu opskrbe, koncentriran je u urbanim područjima i odgovoran je za emisiju oko 25% stakleničkih plinova. Velika potrošnja energije cestovnog teretnog prometa povećava potražnju za razvojem održivih logističkih rješenja. Smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova u najvećem dijelu postiže se korištenjem električnih vozila, koja unatoč tome što generiraju više stakleničkih plinova tijekom proizvodnje, ne generiraju ih tijekom eksploatacije i samim time bolje su rješenje za okoliš. No, korištenje električnih vozila ima i druge prednosti. Elektrifikacijom vlastitog voznog parka, tvrtke mogu postići uštede, prvenstveno u pogledu izbjegavanja troškova goriva, a kroz određeno vremensko razdoblje, troškovi održavanja bi se također trebali svesti na minimum. Također, razvojem tehnologije, cijena baterija bit će sve niža, a samim time i nabavna cijena električnih vozila, koja iako još uvijek odstupa od nabavne cijene vozila s unutarnjim izgaranjem, razlika je manja nego prije. Veliki izazov za elektrifikaciju voznog parka predstavlja prometna infrastruktura za punjenje električnih vozila koja je potrebna, a troškovi ugradnje su visoki. Također, veliki nedostatak je nepoznavanje gdje i što učiniti s baterijama nakon njenog životnog vijeka.Transport in last mile takes place towards the end customer in the supply chain, it is concentrated in urban areas and is responsible for the emission of about 25% of greenhouse gases. The high energy consumption of road freight transport increases the demand for the development of sustainable logistics solutions. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is mostly achieved by the use of electric vehicles, which, despite generating more greenhouse gases during production, do not generate them during exploitation and are therefore a better solution for the environment. However, the use of electric vehicles has other advantages. By electrifying their own vehicle fleet, companies can achieve savings, primarily in terms of avoiding fuel costs, and over a period of time, maintenance costs should also be minimized. Also, with the development of technology, the price of batteries will be lower and lower, and thus the purchase price of electric vehicles, which although still differs from the purchase price of internal combustion vehicles, the difference is smaller than before. A major challenge for the electrification of the vehicle fleet is the transport infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, which is required, and the installation costs are high. Also, a big disadvantage is not knowing where and what to do with batteries after their lifetime
Advantages and disadvantages of using electric delivery vehicles in the last mile delivery
No full textPrijevoz u kapilarnoj distribuciji odvija se prema krajnjem kupcu u lancu opskrbe, koncentriran je u urbanim područjima i odgovoran je za emisiju oko 25% stakleničkih plinova. Velika potrošnja energije cestovnog teretnog prometa povećava potražnju za razvojem održivih logističkih rješenja. Smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova u najvećem dijelu postiže se korištenjem električnih vozila, koja unatoč tome što generiraju više stakleničkih plinova tijekom proizvodnje, ne generiraju ih tijekom eksploatacije i samim time bolje su rješenje za okoliš. No, korištenje električnih vozila ima i druge prednosti. Elektrifikacijom vlastitog voznog parka, tvrtke mogu postići uštede, prvenstveno u pogledu izbjegavanja troškova goriva, a kroz određeno vremensko razdoblje, troškovi održavanja bi se također trebali svesti na minimum. Također, razvojem tehnologije, cijena baterija bit će sve niža, a samim time i nabavna cijena električnih vozila, koja iako još uvijek odstupa od nabavne cijene vozila s unutarnjim izgaranjem, razlika je manja nego prije. Veliki izazov za elektrifikaciju voznog parka predstavlja prometna infrastruktura za punjenje električnih vozila koja je potrebna, a troškovi ugradnje su visoki. Također, veliki nedostatak je nepoznavanje gdje i što učiniti s baterijama nakon njenog životnog vijeka.Transport in last mile takes place towards the end customer in the supply chain, it is concentrated in urban areas and is responsible for the emission of about 25% of greenhouse gases. The high energy consumption of road freight transport increases the demand for the development of sustainable logistics solutions. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is mostly achieved by the use of electric vehicles, which, despite generating more greenhouse gases during production, do not generate them during exploitation and are therefore a better solution for the environment. However, the use of electric vehicles has other advantages. By electrifying their own vehicle fleet, companies can achieve savings, primarily in terms of avoiding fuel costs, and over a period of time, maintenance costs should also be minimized. Also, with the development of technology, the price of batteries will be lower and lower, and thus the purchase price of electric vehicles, which although still differs from the purchase price of internal combustion vehicles, the difference is smaller than before. A major challenge for the electrification of the vehicle fleet is the transport infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, which is required, and the installation costs are high. Also, a big disadvantage is not knowing where and what to do with batteries after their lifetime
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA - REZISTENCIJA NA ANTIBIOTIKE
No full textP. aeruginosa je ubikvitarna gram-negativna, aerobna štapićasta bakterija koja ne stvara spore. Oportunistički je patogen, a visoka stopa smrtnosti posljedica je kombinacije oslabljene obrane domaćina, otpornosti bakterija na antibiotike, proizvodnje izvanstaničnih bakterijskih enzima, toksina i stvaranja biofilma. Bakterije unutar biofilma mogu međusobno komunicirati, izbjeći imunološki odgovor, oduprijeti se antimikrobnoj terapiji te koristiti zalihu hranjivih tvari.Regulacija različitih procesa važnih za adaptaciju i opstanak bakterije u okolišu, kao što je stvaranje biofilma, kontrolirana je QS sustavom.Infekcije P. aeruginosamogu zahvatiti bilo koji dio tijela. Čest je uzročnik bolničkih infekcija koje se manifestiraju kao upala pluća, infekcije kirurških rana, mokraćnog sustava ili bakterijemije. Jedan od najvažnijih aspekata kontrole infekcija P. aeruginosa je prevencija. Infekcije koje uzrokuje ova bakterija teško je izliječiti zbog izražene prirođene i stečene rezistencije na antibiotike. Empirijsko liječenje pseudomonasnih infekcija često uključuje ranu kombiniranu terapiju s dva antipseudomonasna antibiotika.Sve je učestalija rezistencija kliničkih izolata P. aeruginosa na karbapeneme.Stjecanje gena koji kodiraju karbapenemazu izuzetno je važan mehanizam rezistencije. Ove β-laktamaze mogu hidroliziratikarbapeneme i dati otpornost na gotovo sve β-laktamske antibiotike. Karbapenemaze nisu intrinzično izražene u P. aeruginosa, već ih kodiraju heterologni geni stečeni horizontalnim prijenosom, te imaju epidemijski potencijal.P. aeruginosais a ubiquitous gram-negative, aerobic rod-shaped, non-sporeformingbacterium. It is an opportunistic pathogen with highmortality due to a
combination of weakened host defenses, antibiotic resistance, production of
extracellular bacterial enzymes, toxinsand biofilm production. Bacteria within the
biofilm can communicate with eachother, evade immune defenses, resistant
microbial therapy, and obtain nutrients. The regulation of various processes important
for the adaptation and survival of bacteria in the environment, such as biofilm
production, is controlled by QS. P. aeruginosa infection can affect any part of the
body. It is a common cause of nosocomial infections that manifest as pneumonia,
surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, or bacteremia. One ofthe most
important aspects of controlling P. aeruginosa infections is prevention. Infections
caused by this bacterium are difficult to cure due to its intrinsic and acquired
antimicrobial resistance. Empiric treatment of P. aeruginosa infections often includes
early combination therapy with two antipseudomonal antibiotics. Resistance of
clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems is increasing. Acquisition of
carbapenemase encoding genes is an extremely important mechanism. These βlactamases can hydrolyze carbapenems and confer resistance to almost all β-lactam
antibiotics. Carbapenemases are not intrinsically expressed in P. aeruginosa, but are
encoded by heterologous genes acquired by horizontal transfer and have epidemic
potential
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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