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La creatività motoria dei bambini in ambienti musicali “riflessivi”. Uno studio sperimentale con il test Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) e la Laban Movement Analysis
Full text linkQuesto articolo introduce uno studio sperimentale sulla creatività motoria dei bambini e la piattaforma MIROR, una piattaforma implementata nell’ambito del progetto europeo MIROR-Musical Interaction Relying On Reflexion (ICT-FP7) basata sulle tecnologie “riflessive”. Il paradigma dell'interazione riflessiva si riferisce a un peculiare tipo di interazione uomo-macchina basato sul meccanismo di ripetizione e variazione. In questo studio è stata utilizzata una delle applicazioni riflessive della piattaforma MIROR, il MIROR-Impro, in grado di imitare gli stili dell'utente che suona uno strumento musicale. Secondo una prospettiva ispirata all’embodied cognition, il nostro obiettivo è stato quello di indagare se l'interazione riflessiva con il MIROR-Impro possa migliorare i processi creativi e le capacità dei bambini di improvvisare con il movimento. Lo studio è stato condotto in Italia in due classi del primo ciclo di una scuola primaria pubblica, con 47 bambini di 7 e 8 anni, divisi in due gruppi: gruppo sperimentale (23 bambini) e gruppo di controllo (24 bambini). Entrambi i gruppi hanno preso parte a diverse attività musicali e di movimento, utilizzando una tastiera (gruppo di controllo) o una tastiera collegata al MIROR-Impro (gruppo sperimentale). Prima e dopo le attività, abbiamo misurato la creatività motoria dei bambini avvalendoci del test Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM), sviluppato da Paul Torrance. Il gruppo di controllo e il gruppo sperimentale non hanno evidenziato risultati diversi al test TCAM eseguito prima delle attività, mentre dopo le attività è emersa una differenza significativa tra i due gruppi. In particolare, e in linea con la nostra ipotesi, c'è stato un aumento dei punteggi di creatività del gruppo sperimentale, che aveva svolto attività con il sistema riflessivo MIROR-Impro, rispetto al gruppo di controllo
Age-Related Effects on Future Mental Time Travel
Full text linkMental time travel (MTT), the ability to travel mentally back and forward in time in order to reexperience past events and preexperience future events, is crucial in human cognition. As we move along life, MTT may be changed accordingly. However, the relation between re- and preexperiencing along the lifespan is still not clear. Here, young and older adults underwent a psychophysical paradigm assessing two different components of MTT: self-projection, which is the ability to project the self towards a past or a future location of the mental time line, and self-reference, which is the ability to determine whether events are located in the past or future in reference to that given self-location. Aged individuals performed worse in both self-projection to the future and self-reference to future events compared to young individuals. In addition, aging decreased older adults’ preference for personal compared to nonpersonal events. These results demonstrate the impact of MTT and self-processing on subjective time processing in healthy aging. Changes in memory functions in aged people may therefore be related not only to memory per se, but also to the relations of memory and self
The carry-over effect of competition in task-sharing: Evidence from the joint Simon task
Full text linkThe Simon effect, that is the advantage of the spatial correspondence between stimulus and response locations when stimulus location is a task-irrelevant dimension, occurs even when the task is performed together by two participants, each performing a go/no-go task. Previous studies showed that this joint Simon effect, considered by some authors as a measure of self-other integration, does not emerge when during task performance co-actors are required to compete. The present study investigated whether and for how long competition experienced during joint performance of one task can affect performance in a following joint Simon task. In two experiments, we required pairs of participants to perform together a social Simon task, before and after jointly performing together an unrelated non-spatial task (the Eriksen flanker task). In Experiment 1, participants always performed the joint Simon task under neutral instructions, before and after performing the joint flanker task in which they were explicitly required either to cooperate with (i.e., cooperative condition) or to compete against a co-actor (i.e., competitive condition). In Experiment 2, they were required to compete during the joint flanker task and to cooperate during the subsequent joint Simon task. Competition experienced in one task affected the way the subsequent joint task was performed, as revealed by the lack of the joint Simon effect, even though, during the Simon task participants were not required to compete (Experiment 1). However, prior competition no longer affected subsequent performance if a new goal that created positive interdependence between the two agents was introduced (Experiment 2). These results suggest that the emergence of the joint Simon effect is significantly influenced by how the goals of the co-acting individuals are related, with the effect of competition extending beyond the specific competitive setting and affecting subsequent interactions
Walking boosts your performance in making additions and subtractions
Full text linkreviousresearchdemonstratesthattheprocessingofspatialinformationandnumericalmagnitudearestrictlyinterwoven.Recentstudiesalsoprovideconvergingevidencethatnumberprocessingisinfluencedbybodymovements.Inthepresentstudywefurtherinvestigatethisissuebyfocusingonwhetherandhowmotionsexperiencedwiththewholebodycaninfluencearithmeticalcalculations.Weaskedparticipantstomakeadditionsorsubtractionswhileexperiencingleftwardandrightwardmotions.Datarevealedtheemergenceofacongruencyeffectbetweentheorientationinferredbythetypeofarithmeticalcalculationsandthetypeofmotionsexperiencedalonganhorizontalaxis
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Body movements affect Counting
Full text linkAirn of the present study is to investigate whether and to
what extent movements performed with the whole body
can influente calculation processes. Participants were
askcd to perform additions or subtractions while
executing an ascending or dcscending movement in a
passive (i.e., by taking the elevator) or active (i.e., by
taking the stairs) mode. Results revealed a congruency
dieci between the type of calculation made and the
direction of the movement perfonned, but only when
participants experienced it through a passive mode. Our
data are in line with studies providing evidence of a
strict link between numerical and spatial representations,
and between motor actions and number magnitude
processing (motor-to-semantic etTect). Implications of
the results for the embodied and grounded nature of
numerica! cognition will be considered and discusseci
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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