76 research outputs found
Sociological Aspects in Siti Nurbaya\u27s Novel by Marah Rusli
No full textThere is a close relationship between literature and life because the social function of literature is how it involves itself in people\u27s lives. The purpose of this research is to find out the sociology of literature, which examines it through three contexts, first, the social context of the author; second, literature as a mirror of society; third, the social function of literature in the novel Siti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative. In this case, the writer first describes the social context of Marah Rusli\u27s novel Siti Nurbaya, then analyzes the content of the novel and then looks at the relationship between the problems in the novel, and then adjusts it to socio-cultural conditions. The results of the analysis show that Siti Nurbaya\u27s novel, in terms of the author\u27s social context, that in Siti Nurbaya\u27s novel, is based on the bad experience of the author, Marah Rusli. Siti Nurbaya\u27s novel reflects the many problems of society in Siti Nurbaya\u27s era, such as polygamy, pride in nobility, customs in Padang, child sacrifices for their parents, and so on. Meanwhile, there is a social function of literature in the novel, which includes rebellion, literary works as entertainment, and entertainingly teaching something
The climbing tower crane for construction of a high rise building / Muhammad Zaid Rusli
No full textIn summarization, the report explained on the climbing tower crane system that used to transport all the construction material whether parallel or vertical. The use of tower crane has been an impact to the engineering industry commonly in construction. This technology makes the building design increase in height. The objective, of usage of tower crane will be increase in time, because building nowadays were built in great height because the government or the owner want to save up space of land for another usage. From the research on site that the author made, climbing tower crane construction is not an easy job to do. It needs a serious care from the builder. It is not as easy as some people think. In this practical report, it will briefly explain about theoretically research about climbing tower crane in construction industry. Furthermore, the practical report will also explain about the component that makes the tower crane complete. Then, this practical report will explained about the construction of climbing tower crane from early of construction until the completion of the tower crane. For every construction site, there will be a problem that came out as the builder commencing the construction. So the ability to cope with the problem is important and it needs to have in every person that involved in construction industry. This practical report has enlisted all the problem and way to encounter the problem about the construction of climbing tower crane. Lastly, the author hopes that all the reader that read this practical report book can understand more about the tower crane clearly
Analisis Etika Deskriptif Pada Cerpen “Telunjuk” Karya Eli Rusli: Etika Deskriptif pada Cerpen "Telunjuk" Karya Eli Rusli
No full textABSTRACT
This study will analyze short stories with a descriptive ethical approach. Descriptive ethics describes the good and bad moral behavior of an action. Nowadays there are many cases of people\u27s moral behavior that deviate from the prevailing norms. Corruption, murder, fraud and others are a form of deviant social behavior. We can learn people\u27s behavior through literary media, one of which is short stories. Short stories are short stories that contain real people\u27s behavior, experiences and imagination of the author. This research will describe the character\u27s moral behavior in Eli Rusli\u27s short story "Telunjuk" using a descriptive ethical approach. This study uses a qualitative method. The use of this method is very suitable in analyzing a word or language with the subjective assessment needs of the researcher. This study uses documentation techniques because the research data is in the form of the publication of the short story Telunjuk on the media of the Mind of the People newspaper. Research data will be analyzed with a descriptive ethical theory approach. The results of the research show that there is bad behavior from the characters in the short story. Behavior in utilizing a position for personal gain. In addition, there are good figures at work, even though they are high positions and do not take advantage of these positions for personal gain.
Keywords: Descriptive ethics, short stories, characters, good and bad, behavior.ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini akan menganalis cerpen dengan pendekatan etika deskripstif. Etika deskripstip menggambarkan tingkah moral baik dan buruknya suatu Tindakan. zaman sekarang banyak terjainya tingkah moral masyarakat yang menyimpang dari norma yang berlaku. Korupsi, pembunuhan, penipuan dan lainnya merupakan suatu bentuk penyimpangan perilaku masyarakat. perilaku masyarakat dapat kita pelajari melaluhi media sastra, salah satunya cerpen. Cerpen merupakan cerita pendek yang berisikan tingkah laku masyarakat secara nyata, pengalaman maupun imajinasi dari penulis. Penelitian ini akan mengambarkan tingkah moral tokoh pada cepen “Telunjuk” karya Eli Rusli dengan pendekatan etika deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penggunaan metode ini sangat cocok dalam mengalisis sebuah kata atau Bahasa dengan kebutuhan penilaian subjektif dari peneliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik dokumentasi dikarenakan data penelitian berupa hasil publikasi cerpen Telunjuk pada media surat kabar Pikiran Rakyat. Data penelitian akan dianalisis dengan pendekatan teori etika deskriptip. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perilaku kurang baik dari tokoh-tokoh pada cerpen. Perilaku dalam memanfaatkan sebuah jabatan untuk kepentingan pribadi. Selain itu terdapat tokoh baik dalam berkerja, walaupun jabatan tinggi dan tidak memanfaatkan jabatan tersebut untuk kepentingan pribadi.
Kata kunci: Etika deskriptif, cerpen, tokoh, baik dan buruk, perilaku
PERUBAHAN MIKROBIOLOGI, KIMIAWI, DAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BIJI SORGUM YANG DIFERMENTASI SPONTAN
No full textSorghum is source of carbohydrate, protein, minerals and vitamins. Sorghum
as food consumed by people in Indonesia. Sorghum as a source of nutrition can not
be used optimally because protein digestibility and starch digestibility of sorghum are
low. It is because of tannins and complex proteins-starch. Spontaneous fermentation
is used to improve the digestibility of sorghum. Spontaneous fermentation has been
used in sorghum processed by people. They soaked sorghum for 1-2 days before
further processing. The aims of this study was to determine the changes in
microbiological, chemical and physical properties of sorghum seeds fermented
spontaneously at room temperature and at 37
o
C. This research used in 2 ways
fermentation, at room temperature and at 37
o
C for 48 hours. During the fermentation
process, will be evaluated pH, total acid, total lactic acid bacteria, total bacteria,
protheolytic bacteria every 8 hours.
The results showed that spontaneous fermentation at 37 ° C the growth of
total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and proteolytic bacteria are higher than
fermentation process at room temperature. Protein digestibility of sorghum seeds
fermented at room temperature is lower than at 37
o
C. The best protein digestibility is
70.45% at 32 hours of fermentation. Starch digestibility of sorghum seeds fermented
at 37 °C higher than at room temperature. The best protein digestibility is 59.45% at
32 hours fermentation. The brightness of fermented sorghum flour at 37 °C was
higher than the spontaneous fermentation at room temperature. Optimal brightness
occured after fermentation for 32 hours using the fermentation at 37 °C with a value
of L = 78.53, a = 7.50 and b = 17.70. The fermentation process caused changes in the
microstructure of sorghum. The Structure is becoming less compact due to hydrolysis
of starch during fermentation. Gelatinization temperature decreased from 84.7 °C to
51.7 °C using fermentation process at 37 °C and 50.5 °C at room temperature.
Increased of viscosity happened during fermentation process. viscosity Increased
from 281 cP to 769 cP at 32 hours of fermentation at 37 °C and 499 cP at room
temperature
Investigating the impact of modified cassava starch with tannic acid and heat moisture treatment on physicochemical and in vitro starch digestibility
No full textCassava starch, known for its high starch content, can be modified to increase resistant starch (RS), offering significant health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the dual modification of cassava starch using tannic acid (TA) and heat moisture treatment (HMT) to enhance its functional properties. TA, a polyphenolic compound, was applied at a concentration of 0.2 M either before or after HMT, and its effects on the physicochemical, thermal, and pasting properties, particle size, and in vitro digestibility of starch were evaluated. The results showed that TA, HMT, and the combined TA-HMT treatments significantly (p < 0.01) increased RS content and improved thermal properties. These modifications also significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the digestibility index of starch, rapidly digestible starch, and estimated glycaemic index (GI). Additionally, all treatments exhibited improved water-holding capacity, reduced crystallinity, and altered pasting behavior. However, the TA-HMT treatment resulted in the highest RS content and the lowest digestibility, making it more resistant to enzymatic breakdown. In conclusion, TA-HMT effectively modifies cassava starch, enhancing its nutritional profile by increasing RS and reducing GI. This makes it a promising ingredient for functional foods, supporting a sustainable approach to improving cassava starch for healthier dietary applications
Heat moisture treatment-induced changes in feed: A meta-analysis of effects on in vitro rumen fermentation
No full textHeat Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a promising approach to improve the efficiency of concentrate feed in ruminants by inducing changes in feed composition and in vitro rumen fermentation. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of HMT on feed, focusing on fermentation characteristics and methane emissions. Data from the Scopus database were analyzed using a fixed-effect model, suitable for synthesizing studies with comparable conditions. HMT significantly reduces feed starch content (p<0.001), altering its nutritional profile. It decreases total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (p<0.05), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and shifts the acetate-to-propionate ratio. These changes, alongside reduced ammonia, suggest benefits for rumen health, such as mitigating acidosis risk and improving feed efficiency. However, HMT negatively affects the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, which may reduce nutrient availability. No significant effects were observed on crude protein digestibility or methane production. While HMT shows potential to enhance feed efficiency and support metabolic health, the trade-offs between reduced digestibility and fermentation benefits highlight the need for further research. These findings provide insights into balancing nutritional and metabolic outcomes when using HMT in ruminant diets
Heat moisture treatment-induced changes in feed: A meta-analysis of effects on in vitro rumen fermentation
No full textHeat Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a promising approach to improve the efficiency of concentrate feed in ruminants by inducing changes in feed composition and in vitro rumen fermentation. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of HMT on feed, focusing on fermentation characteristics and methane emissions. Data from the Scopus database were analyzed using a fixed-effect model, suitable for synthesizing studies with comparable conditions. HMT significantly reduces feed starch content (p<0.001), altering its nutritional profile. It decreases total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (p<0.05), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and shifts the acetate-to-propionate ratio. These changes, alongside reduced ammonia, suggest benefits for rumen health, such as mitigating acidosis risk and improving feed efficiency. However, HMT negatively affects the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, which may reduce nutrient availability. No significant effects were observed on crude protein digestibility or methane production. While HMT shows potential to enhance feed efficiency and support metabolic health, the trade-offs between reduced digestibility and fermentation benefits highlight the need for further research. These findings provide insights into balancing nutritional and metabolic outcomes when using HMT in ruminant diets
Daya Cerna dan Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen dengan Penambahan Asam Amino Terenkapsulasi secara In Vitro: In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics with the Addition of Encapsulated Amino Acid
No full textAmino acid protection is one of the efforts to improve livestock feed quality. Lysine is one of the limiting amino acids, which is easily degraded in the rumen, and thus requires a protection. This study aimed to determine the effect of protected lysine on cattle\u27s digestive system and ruminal ecology in vitro. This study used encapsulation using xanthan gum and tannin (2% w/v) to protect lysine. The treatments consisted of P0 = unprotected amino acids; P1 = amino acids + 2 g xanthan gum; P2 = amino acids + 2 g tannin; P3 = amino acids + 2 g xanthan gum + 2 g tannin. Parameters observed included nutrient content, chemical activity, degradability of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), and rumen fermentability (pH, N-NH3, VFA, gas kinetics, and CH4). A combination of xanthan gum and tannin coatings (P3) resulted in a higher effect (p<0.05) on rumen fermentation compared to others. The Undegraded DM and CP values in the rumen were 48% and 32%, respectively, and in the pepsin-HCl were 15% and 89%. All treatments did not change the rumen fermentability. In conclusion, protected amino acids has a effect on the cattle digestion system without disturbing the rumen ecology. Combining xanthan gum and tannin coatings provides the best results than using a single type of coating.
Key words: amino acids, encapsulation, rumen fermentation, tannin, xanthan gu
Jejak antikolonial kesusastraan Balai Pustaka dalam novel Sitti Nurbaya: Kasih Tak Sampai
No full textIn the creation of literary works, the author will always be influenced by the spirit of the times (Zeitgeist) that existed during the writing process. Sitti Nurbaya: Kasih Tak Sampai, a novel by Marah Rusli, is one of the literary works that is close to Minangkabau culture. It was first published in 1922 by Balai Pustaka. Balai Pustaka established strict regulations in publishing reading materials for people in the Dutch East Indies to stem the nationalism of indigenous peoples. This research aims to find the strategies used by Marah Rusli to convey the anticolonial discourse contained in the work. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with the sociology of literature approach and Stuart Hall’s concept of representation. The results that the researcher found in this study are the anticolonial traces conveyed by Marah Rusli using various strategies to escape the censorship of Balai Pustaka, namely (1) the construction of youth figures representing the modernity of the Dutch colonial government and the elderly representing the traditionality of indigenous people; (2) the portrayal of anticolonial attitudes through antagonistic characters; and (3) the use of the year of Hijri to deceive the Dutch colonial government
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