1,721,278 research outputs found
Introduction: Europe Materializing? Toward a Transnational History of European Infrastructures
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Hybrid histories. A critical reflection on media historiography and history
Full text linkpeer reviewedThis article aims at offering a historiographical sketch of the emergence and development of media history as a sub-discipline of historical research. By retracing important disciplinary traditions and by reflecting on the impact that various "turns" in humanities had on media historical scholarship, the author identifies central concepts, methodological approaches, and thematic focal points that characterize the field. Finally, new challenges of doing media history in the digital age - such as transmedia storytelling and media convergence are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fundamental Education For A Better Life: Towards A First Translation Of Human Rights In Practice Through UNESCO's First Regional Fundamental Education Centre - CREFAL - In Mexico
Full text linkThe end of the Second World War marked the start of a new era with worldwide support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). In signing the Universal Declaration, Member States of the United Nations (UN) pledged to promote a series of universal values codified in the document. As a UN organisation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was assigned to disseminate the declaration and its content through educational initiatives and mass communication worldwide. The ideal of creating worldwide peace in the minds of men and women with equity in and respect for each other’s rights was centralised in its mission. Moreover, education was seen as a solution for the creation of a changing mentality in several target groups, from governing bodies to children. The development of educational and communication tools has enthusiastically begun to achieve this goal. One of their first initiatives on the dissemination of human rights was the creation of a travel album inspired by the 1949 Human Rights Exhibition at the Musée Galliera in Paris. The aim was to spread the album worldwide and teach the global population about their rights and duties. The first years of UNESCO were inherently connected with support for the creation of the UDHR, and their programme and perspective on (the right to) education. During its early years, the educational department had many plans, including projects on fundamental education. Fundamental education aimed to create happier lives for men and women in relation to their environment and culture, ultimately leading to social and economic progress. UNESCO had high ambitions for this initiative. However, it is difficult to find any research in the literature that focuses on these projects and their practical implementation. In this dissertation, I aim to reconstruct the story of UNESCO’s first regional centre on fundamental education, the “Centro Regional de Educación Fundamental en América Latina” (CREFAL), in the Pátzcuaro region of Mexico in relation to the UDHR. The development of the centre and its programme will be explored through archival research in UNESCO, local and national archives, the archive of Jaime Torres Bodet at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), the Library of Congress and the archives of CREFAL and the Organization of American States (OAS). By utilising images, videos, audio, and documents related to this centre, I aim to reconstruct the transfer and circulation of the first translation of the right to education, encompassing fundamental education and human rights in general. In my dissertation, I will argue that UNESCO’s ideals, as reflected in the UDHR, quickly challenged their project realisation and, consequently, their relations with and between its member states. This change might have only enlarged the difficult intermediating task for UNESCO to propagate peace “in the minds of men”. Consequently, the organisation’s own projects, in this case their project on fundamental education, experienced large downfalls and their core ideas were transferred into other projects leading to the end of their ambitious project in 1958
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abtreibung im Dritten Reich. Ideologie im Frauenstrafvollzug am Beispiel der Strafanstalt Saarbrücken
No full textThe aim of the Bachelor's thesis is to examine how national socialist principles about human reproduction and "racial purity" impacted the female inmates in the penal institution in Saarbrücken, Germany. Over 200 personal files of German women accused of illegal abortion were examined for this study. The thesis also elaborates on conceptions of womanhood, sexuality and medical misconceptions as well as the impact of the social strata of the affected women
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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