1,720,967 research outputs found
Focus on the Role of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support (NRS) during Palliative Care in Patients with Life-Limiting Respiratory Disease
Full text linkThe management of patients with life-threatening respiratory disease in the ICU and at home has become increasingly of interest over the past decades. Growing knowledge supports the use of NRS, aimed at improving patient comfort and improving quality of life. However, its role during palliative care is not well defined, and evidence of support remains limited. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the recent evidence relating to the use of non-invasive respiratory support at the end of life, in order to clarify who benefits and when. The literature research was conducted on PubMed, using MeSH words. A review of the relevant literature showed that non-invasive respiratory support techniques for patients with life-limiting respiratory disease vary (from high-flow oxygen therapy to conventional oxygen therapy, from CPAP to NPPV) and each has precise indications. To date, from the hospital to the home setting, the monitoring and application of these respiratory support techniques have varied widely. In conclusion, the choice of respiratory support in this category of patients should be based on the technique that will optimize the comfort of the patient and improve the quality of their life. On the other hand, regarding monitoring, both telemedicine and ultrasound diagnostics help to satisfy the patient's wish to spend the last period of his life in the home environment, to avoid inappropriately aggressive diagnostic interventions, and to reduce the high costs of hospitalized procedures in this category of patients
A physiologic comparison of proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors (PAV+) versus pressure support ventilation (PSV).
No full textPURPOSE: To compare patient-ventilator interaction during PSV and PAV+ in
patients that are difficult to wean.
METHODS: This was a physiologic study involving 11 patients. During three
consecutive trials (PSV first trial--PSV1, followed by PAV+, followed by a second
PSV trial--PSV2, with the same settings as PSV1) we evaluated mechanical and
patient respiratory pattern; inspiratory effort from excursion Pdi (swing(Pdi)),
and pressure-time products of the transdiaphragmatic (PTPdi) pressures.
Inspiratory (delay(trinsp)) and expiratory (delay(trexp)) trigger delays, time of
synchrony (time(syn)), and asynchrony index (AI) were assessed.
RESULTS: Compared to PAV+, during PSV trials, the mechanical inspiratory time
(Ti(flow)) was significantly longer than patient inspiratory time (Ti(pat)) (p <
0.05); Ti(pat) showed a prolongation between PSV1 and PAV+, significant comparing
PAV+ and PSV2 (p < 0.05). PAV+ significantly reduced delay(trexp) (p < 0.001).
The portion of tidal volume (VT) delivered in phase with Ti(pat)
(VT(pat)/VT(mecc)) was significantly higher during PAV+ (p < 0.01). The time of
synchrony was significantly longer during PAV+ than during PSV (p < 0.001).
During PSV 5 patients out of 11 showed an AI greater than 10%, whereas the AI was
nil during PAV+.
CONCLUSION: PAV+ improves patient-ventilator interaction, significantly reducing
the incidence of end-expiratory asynchrony and increasing the time of synchrony
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A bench study of 2 ventilator circuits during helmet noninvasive ventilation
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: To compare helmet noninvasive ventilation (NIV), in terms of
patient-ventilator interaction and performance, using 2 different circuits for
connection: a double tube circuit (with one inspiratory and one expiratory line)
and a standard circuit (a Y-piece connected only to one side of the helmet,
closing the other side).
METHODS: A manikin, connected to a test lung set at 2 breathing frequencies (20
and 30 breaths/min), was ventilated in pressure support ventilation (PSV) mode
with 2 different settings, randomly applied, of the ratio of pressurization time
to expiratory trigger time (T(press)/T(exp-trigger)) 50%/25%, default setting,
and T(press)/T(exp-trigger) 80%/60%, fast setting, through a helmet. The helmet
was connected to the ventilator randomly with the double and the standard
circuit. We measured inspiratory trigger delay (T(insp-delay)), expiratory
trigger delay (T(exp-delay)), T(press)), time of synchrony (T(synch)), trigger
pressure drop, inspiratory pressure-time product (PTP), PTP at 300 ms and 500 ms,
and PTP at 500 ms expressed as percentage of an ideal PTP500 (PTP500 index).
RESULTS: At both breathing frequencies and ventilator settings, helmet NIV with
the double tube circuit showed better patient-ventilator interaction, with
shorter T(insp-delay), T(exp-delay), and T(press); longer T(synch); and higher
PTP300, PTP500, and PTP500 index (all P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: The double tube circuit had significantly better patient-ventilator
interaction and a lower rate of wasted effort at 30 breaths/min
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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