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    Ferrari, Alessia

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    Floodwater pathways in urban areas: A method to compute porosity fields for anisotropic subgrid models in differential form

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    In the framework of porosity models for large-scale urban floods, this work presents a method to compute the spatial distribution of the porosity parameters of complex urban areas by analyzing the footprints of buildings and obstacles. Precisely, an algorithm is described that estimates the four parameters required by the differential, dual-porosity formulation we recently presented. In this formulation, beside the common isotropic porosity accounting for the reduced storage volume due to buildings, a cell-based conveyance porosity is introduced in the momentum equations in tensor form to model anisotropic resistances and alterations in the flow direction due to presence of preferential pathways such as streets. A cell-averaged description of the spatial connectivity in the urban medium and of the preferential flow directions is the main ingredient for robust and mesh-independent estimates. To achieve this goal, the algorithm here presented automatically extracts the spatially distributed porosity fields of urban layouts relying only on geometrical information, thus avoiding additional calibration effort. The proposed method is described with the aid of schematic applications and then tested by simulating the flooding of real, complex urban areas using structured Cartesian grids. A Fortran implementation of the algorithm is made available for free download and use

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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