1,721,018 research outputs found
Is the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy effective for treatment of knee osteoarthritis?
No full textCancer Stem Cells, Bone and Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Bone Metastases
No full textTumor mass is constituted by a heterogeneous group of cells, among which a key role is played by the cancer stem cells (CSCs), possessing high regenerative properties. CSCs directly metastasize to bone, since bone microenvironment represents a fertile environment that protects CSCs against the immune system, and maintains their properties and plasticity. CSCs can migrate from the primary tumor to the bone marrow (BM), due to their capacity to perform the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Once in BM, they can also perform the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, allowing them to proliferate and initiate bone lesions. Another factor explaining the osteotropism of CSCs is their ability to recognize chemokine gradients toward BM, through the CXCL12–CXCR4 axis, also known to be involved in tumor metastasis to other organs. Moreover, the expression of CXCR4 is associated with the maintenance of CSCs’ stemness, and CXCL12 expression by osteoblasts attracts CSCs to the BM niches. CSCs localize in the pre-metastatic niches, which are anatomically distinct regions within the tumor microenvironment and govern the metastatic progression. According to the stimuli received in the niches, CSCs can remain dormant for long time or outgrow from dormancy and create bone lesions. This review resumes different aspects of the CSCs’ bone metastastic process and discusses available treatments to target CSCs
Il percorso assistenziale in osteoncologia: l’esperienza del gruppo integrato di cure dell’Azienda ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista di Torino
No full textil contributo descrive ia riorganizzazione del percorso assistenziale in osteoncologia per sviluppare una gestione multidisciplinare dei casi e il coordinamento con la rete oncologiac regionale. lo studio valuta anche le implicazioni di costo del nuovo modello assistenzial
THE 27 KD PROTEIN ENCODED BY THE HIV NEF GENE SHARES STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL HOMOLOGIES WITH SEVERAL ONCOGENE PRODUCTS
No full textEpigenetics in Knee Osteoarthritis: A 2020–2023 Update Systematic Review
No full textOsteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability in the world. The scientific literature highlights the critical importance of epigenetic regulatory effects, intertwined with biomechanical and biochemical peculiar conditions within each musculoskeletal district. While the contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors to knee OA is well-recognized, their precise role in disease management remains an area of active research. Such a field is particularly heterogeneous, calling for regular analysis and summarizing of the data that constantly emerge in the scientific literature, often sparse and scant of integration. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and synthesize all new evidence that emerged in human and animal model studies published between 2020 and 2023. This was necessary because, to the best of our knowledge, articles published before 2019 (and partly 2020) had already been included in systematic reviews that allowed to identify the ones concerning the knee joint. The review was carried out in accordance with Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only peer-reviewed articles were considered for inclusion. A total of 40 studies were identified, showing promising results in terms either of biomarker identification, new insight in mechanism of action or potential therapeutic targets for knee OA. DNA methylation, histone modification and ncRNA were all mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation of the knee. Most recent evidence suggests that epigenetics is a most promising field with the long-term goal of improving understanding and management of knee OA, but a variety of research approaches need greater consolidation
Exercise therapy indications in metastatic bone patients
No full textINTRODUCTION: In recent years, the exercise prescription has given unequivocal benefits in cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to analyze indications of exercise therapy in the patient with bone metastases, analyzing the benefits, limits and appropriate indications of physical activity according to the individual clinical situation of the patient. EVIDENCEACQUISITION: The present systematic review was conducted using a thorough database search of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Authors independently screened all articles identified concerning exercise therapy in metastatic bone patients, to assess their suitability to the research focus. EVIDENCESYNTHESIS: Authors included 12 articles as full-text in 19 papers, dated from 2000 to 2018. Among these, 8 were randomized controlled trials, 3 single-arm studies and 1 multi-arm interventional study. Aerobic and/or resistance exercise training was prescribed in all the studies analyzed. The mean follow-up was 10.7±11.2 (range 1-36) months. Significant benefits were reported in fatigue, pain and physical function with no increasing incidence of pathologic fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise therapy in patients with bone metastases is useful in tackling bone loss, showing anticancer effects and increasing patient's quality of life with very low adverse effects rate (2,2%). The prescription of exercises in this kind of patients can be complex for the possible increasing risk of pathological fractures and pain levels. It is therefore strictly necessary to personalize the exercises according to patient's abilities, skeletal site and type of metastatic lesion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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