13 research outputs found
Bilingualism and the Monumental Landscape in the Triodos of Ephesos
No full textThis paper concerns the bilingual monuments in the city center of Roman Ephesos, an area often called ‘Triodos’ because of the three intersecting roads there. The author argues that the concentration of bilingualism in this part of the city reveals its deeper nature as a cultural center. Further, the author explains how the bilingual inscriptions affected the linguistic landscape of Ephesos, suggesting that these monuments were built to target traffic from certain parts of the city
Kindergarten children's estimates of numerosity
No full textThis study explored kindergarten children's ability to estimate the numerosity of sets of up to 40 objects on different types of estimation tasks. The contributions of specific mathematics skills hypothesized to be prerequisites for estimation were also investigated. Kindergarten children were highly successful with judging quantities to be more or less than the reference point of 10 on the referent-number estimation task. Adding a second reference point of 20 made the order-of-magnitude estimation task more difficult, especially for set sizes between the two reference points. Open-ended estimation, which offered no reference point, was definitely the most difficult type of estimation task with success rates sharply declining as set size increased. Less than half gave acceptable estimates (within 25% of the actual value) for quantities greater than 10. Measures of mathematical skills revealed that kindergarten children had a well developed number sense for quantities up to about 10 but beyond that their concepts of quantities and number relationships were still vague and imprecise. At the beginning of the kindergarten year, clear distinctions were not made between quantities in the teens and those in the twenties. All were lumped together as large numbers. By the end of the kindergarten year, children were progressing toward a clearer concept of these quantities but their mental number representations were still inexact. A general number sense, as measured by The Test of Early Mathematics Ability, was the best overall predictor of estimation ability for both open-ended and order-of-magnitude estimation. A ceiling effect due to high success rates on the referent-number estimation task repressed correlations between this task and the mathematics skill tasks. However, the skills of number comparisons and judging relative size were found to prerequisite skills for success in estimating. Competence in these two mathematics skills should precede estimation.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Agresión reactiva y proactiva en niños y adolescentes uruguayos
No full textAggression is a heterogeneous, multifaceted construct involving different
psychobiological mechanisms and phenomenological manifestations, and
influenced by external and socio-cultural factors. The present study examines
reactive and proactive aggression in Uruguayan children and adolescents from
different socioeconomic contexts. To this end, 643 subjects of both sexes, aged
between 8 and 21 years, completed the reactive-proactive aggression
questionnaire (RPQ; Raine, Dodge, Loeber, Gatzke-Kopp, Lynam, Reynolds,
Shouthamer-Loeber, and Liu, 2006). The results showed that: a) there was an
increase in the disposition to reactive, emotional and impulsive aggression from
childhood to adolescence; b) both forms of aggression were more frequent in
boys during childhood and adolescence, and c) no significant differences were
noticed in relation to the socioeconomic status of the groups studied. These
findings suggest the advisability of designing programmes aiming at early
prevention and treatment of aggressive behaviour, focusing mainly on male
subjects and including all social strata, with the objective of reducing
subsequent aggressive tendencies in youth and adulthood.La agresión es un constructo heterogéneo, multifacético, que implica diversos
mecanismos psicobiológicos y manifestaciones fenomenológicas, influyendo
factores externos y socioculturales. El presente estudio, examina la agresión
reactiva y proactiva en niños y adolescentes uruguayos de diferentes contextos
socioeconómicos. Para ello, 643 sujetos de 8 a 21 años, de ambos sexos,
completaron un cuestionario de agresión reactiva y proactiva (RPQ; Raine,
Dodge, Loeber, Gatzke-Kopp, Lynam, Reynolds, Shouthamer-Loeber, y Liu,
2006). Los resultados han mostrado que: a) hubo un aumento en la disposición a
la agresión reactiva, emocional e impulsiva desde la niñez hacia la adolescencia,
b) los dos tipos de agresión fueron más frecuentes en varones durante la niñez y
adolescencia, c) no se plantearon diferencias significativas en relación al nivel
socioeconómico de los grupos estudiados. Estos hallazgos sugieren la conveniencia de diseñar programas de prevención temprana y de tratamiento de
la conducta agresiva, haciendo énfasis en los varones y abarcando todos los
estratos sociales, para reducir posteriores tendencias agresivas en la juventud y
adultez
Conhecimentos e adesão à vacinação contra a influenza por um grupo de idosos / Knowledge and adhesion to vaccination against influence by a group of elderly
Full text linkObjetivo: Verificar os conhecimentos, atitudes e o perfil dos idosos em relação à vacinação contra a influenza. Métodos: O presente estudo é descritivo, quantitativo, transversal e prospectivo e a amostragem se deu por acessibilidade. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de um questionário com uma população de 62 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, na Associação Regional Beneficente dos Aposentados e Pensionistas de Santo Ângelo, sobre as características sociodemográficas, práticas e atitudes dos idosos sobre a vacinação contra a influenza. Resultados: Dos 62 idosos participantes do estudo, 51,6% (n=32) eram do sexo masculino. Em relação ao conhecimento da gripe 100% (n=62) responderam de forma inadequada, sobre resfriado 62,9% (n=39) responderam de forma inadequada. Com relação às práticas e atitudes, 80,6% (n=50) participaram das Campanhas de Vacinação em 2019. Conclusão: Os idosos tem adesão à vacinação, mas o conhecimento sobre gripe e resfriado foi considerado inadequado
"Knowledge-guided analysis of ""omics"" data using the KnowEnG cloud platform"
Full text linkWe present Knowledge Engine for Genomics (KnowEnG), a free-to-use computational system for analysis of genomics data sets, designed to accelerate biomedical discovery. It includes tools for popular bioinformatics tasks such as gene prioritization, sample clustering, gene set analysis, and expression signature analysis. The system specializes in “knowledge-guided” data mining and machine learning algorithms, in which user-provided data are analyzed in light of prior information about genes, aggregated from numerous knowledge bases and encoded in a massive “Knowledge Network.” KnowEnG adheres to “FAIR” principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reuseable): its tools are easily portable to diverse computing environments, run on the cloud for scalable and cost-effective execution, and are interoperable with other computing platforms. The analysis tools are made available through multiple access modes, including a web portal with specialized visualization modules. We demonstrate the KnowEnG system’s potential value in democratization of advanced tools for the modern genomics era through several case studies that use its tools to recreate and expand upon the published analysis of cancer data sets.Open Restriction set for Item 113611 on 2020-01-30T17:13:56Z with date null by [email protected] by Fernanda Schaefer ([email protected]) on 2020-01-30T17:26:22Z
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Previous issue date: 2020-01-23Ope
O VÍRUS INFLUENZA: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Full text linkIntrodução: o vírus Influenza é um patógeno respiratório humano que causa infecções sazonais e endêmicas e pandemias periódicas. No século XX, a pior pandemia registrada foi em 1918 que matou aproximadamente milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. É um vírus envelopado de RNA de cadeia simples de sentido negativo segmentado. Os principais sintomas causados por este vírus são caracterizados por um início súbito de febre alta, dor de cabeça, coriza, tosse e inflamação das vias respiratórias que persistem por 7 a 10 dias. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o vírus Influenza. Metodologia: revisão exploratória e narrativa da literatura, sem definição de critérios explícitos de seleção dos artigos, nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando palavras chave como Influenza, Influenza vírus, Influenza A vírus, Influenza B vírus, Influenza vaccine, vacina contra Influenza; historical Influenza review, história Influenza. Considerações: os vírus Influenza são uma ameaça à saúde, porque a forma rápida de disseminação dificulta as estratégias de vacinação. Atualmente, dois subtipos do vírus da Influenza A, o H1N1 e o H3N2 estão em circulação. As epidemias ocorrem por causa da variação antigênica viral, proteção para essas cepas circulantes e o grau de virulência desses novos vírus. É importante a conscientização das pessoas com a prevenção para evitar problemas de saúde pública
Bernard Brodie and the bomb: at the birth of the bipolar world
No full textBernard Brodie (1910-1978) was a leading 20th century theorist and philosopher of war. A key architect of American nuclear strategy, Brodie was one of the first civilian defense intellectuals to cross over into the military world. This thesis explores Brodie’s evolution as a theorist and his response to the technological innovations that transformed warfare from World War II to the Vietnam War. It situates his theoretical development within the classical theories of Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), as Brodie came to be known as “America’s Clausewitz.” While his first influential works focused on naval strategy, his most lasting impact came within the field of nuclear strategic thinking. Brodie helped conceptualize America’s strategy of deterrence, later taking into account America’s loss of nuclear monopoly, the advent of thermonuclear weapons, and proliferation of intercontinental ballistic missiles. Brodie’s strategic and philosophical response to the nuclear age led to his life-long effort to reconcile Clausewitz’s theories of war, which were a direct response to the strategic innovations of the Napoleonic era, to the new challenges of the nuclear age. While today’s world is much changed from the bipolar international order of the Cold War period, contemporary efforts to apply Clausewitzian concepts to today’s conflicts suggests that much can be learned from a similar endeavor by the previous generation as its strategic thinkers struggled to imagine new ways to maintain order in their era of unprecedented nuclear danger.acceptedVersionei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Interpersonal and affective dimensions of psychopathic traits in adolescents : development and validation of a self-report instrument
No full textWe report the development and psychometric evaluations of a self-report instrument designed to screen for psychopathic traits among mainstream community adolescents. Tests of item functioning were initially conducted with 26 adolescents. In a second study the new instrument was administered to 150 high school adolescents, 73 of who had school records of suspension for antisocial behavior. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor structure (Impulsivity α = .73, Self-Centredness α = .70, Callous-Unemotional α = .69, and Manipulativeness α = .83). In a third study involving 328 high school adolescents, 130 with records of suspension for antisocial behaviour, competing measurement models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The superiority of a first-order model represented by four correlated factors that was invariant across gender and age was confirmed. The findings provide researchers and clinicians with a psychometrically strong, self-report instrument and a greater understanding of psychopathic traits in mainstream adolescents
Persistent near real-time passive acoustic monitoring for baleen whales from a moored buoy: System description and evaluation
Full text link© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Baumgartner, M. F., Bonnell, J., Van Parijs, S. M., Corkeron, P. J., Hotchkin, C., Ball, K., Pelletier, L., Partan, J., Peters, D., Kemp, J., Pietro, J., Newhall, K., Stokes, A., Cole, T. V. N., Quintana, E., & Kraus, S. D. Persistent near real-time passive acoustic monitoring for baleen whales from a moored buoy: System description and evaluation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 10(9), (2019): 1476-1489, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13244.1. Managing interactions between human activities and marine mammals often relies on an understanding of the real‐time distribution or occurrence of animals. Visual surveys typically cannot provide persistent monitoring because of expense and weather limitations, and while passive acoustic recorders can monitor continuously, the data they collect are often not accessible until the recorder is recovered.
2. We have developed a moored passive acoustic monitoring system that provides near real‐time occurrence estimates for humpback, sei, fin and North Atlantic right whales from a single site for a year, and makes those occurrence estimates available via a publicly accessible website, email and text messages, a smartphone/tablet app and the U.S. Coast Guard's maritime domain awareness software. We evaluated this system using a buoy deployed off the coast of Massachusetts during 2015–2016 and redeployed again during 2016–2017. Near real‐time estimates of whale occurrence were compared to simultaneously collected archived audio as well as whale sightings collected near the buoy by aerial surveys.
3. False detection rates for right, humpback and sei whales were 0% and nearly 0% for fin whales, whereas missed detection rates at daily time scales were modest (12%–42%). Missed detections were significantly associated with low calling rates for all species. We observed strong associations between right whale visual sightings and near real‐time acoustic detections over a monitoring range 30–40 km and temporal scales of 24–48 hr, suggesting that silent animals were not especially problematic for estimating occurrence of right whales in the study area. There was no association between acoustic detections and visual sightings of humpback whales.
4. The moored buoy has been used to reduce the risk of ship strikes for right whales in a U.S. Coast Guard gunnery range, and can be applied to other mitigation applications.We thank Annamaria Izzi, Danielle Cholewiak and Genevieve Davis of the NOAA NEFSC for assistance in developing the analyst protocol. We are grateful to the NOAA NEFSC aerial survey observers (Leah Crowe, Pete Duley, Jen Gatzke, Allison Henry, Christin Khan and Karen Vale) and the NEAq aerial survey observers (Angela Bostwick, Marianna Hagbloom and Paul Nagelkirk). Danielle Cholewiak and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA NEFSC, NOAA Advanced Sampling Technology Work Group, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program of the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program, Massachusetts Clean Energy Center and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Funding from NOAA was facilitated by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) under Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4320158
Aggressive behavior in adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Behavioral studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have indicated that aggression is common amongst alcohol-exposed adolescents, and that it appears to become more prevalent with age in that population. Such studies have documented the presence of aggression as a behavioral outcome, but have not provided detailed information regarding its presentation, including whether it is proactive or reactive in nature and under which circumstances it arises. Consequently, there is a lack of a theoretical framework within which to understand aggression in FASD. The current research comprised two studies. In Study 1, comorbid developmental disorders that are typically associated with aggression were examined in alcohol-exposed and non-exposed boys and girls. The results indicated a higher prevalence of disruptive behavior disorders, and conduct disorder in particular, amongst the alcohol-exposed boys, and highlighted a significant association between prenatal alcohol exposure and an aggressive subtype of conduct disorder. Based on these findings, Study 2, a multiple-case study, examined the aggressive behaviors of 6 alcohol-exposed and nonexposed adolescents and their classmates
