49 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid supplementation during pregnancy among postnatal mothers seeking Maternal and Child Healthcare at Kakamega level 5 hospital in Kenya.
No full textThe data were collected to determine the level of adherence to iron and folic acid during pregnancy. We targeted the postnatal mothers of 0-6 months postdelivery seeking Maternal and Child Health Care at Kakamega level 5 hospital in Kenya. Some of the variables collected include the sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, utilization of the supplements and possible reasons for non-compliance. The hospital-based survey was conducted between May and August 2020 using a semi-structured questionnaire developed in REDCap
Fighting HIV/AIDS: Reconfiguring the State?
No full textThe author wishes to thank the anonymous reviewers of the article and the ESRC for funding part of this research
Modulation of immune responses by Plasmodium falciparum infection in asymptomatic children living in the endemic region of Mbita, western Kenya
No full textNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)Individuals living in malaria endemic areas become clinically immune after multiple re-infections over time and remain infected without apparent symptoms. However, it is unclear why a long period is required to gain clinical immunity to malaria, and how such immunity is maintained. Although malaria infection is reported to induce inhibition of immune responses, studies on asymptomatic individuals living in endemic regions of malaria are relatively scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study of immune responses in asymptomatic school children aged 4?16 years living in an area where Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni infections are co-endemic in Kenya. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were subjected to flow cytometric analysis and cultured to determine proliferative responses and cytokine production. The proportions of cellular subsets in children positive for P. falciparum infection at the level of microscopy were comparable to the negative children, except for a reduction in central memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. In functional studies, the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to P. falciparum crude antigens exhibited strong heterogeneity among children. In addition, production of IL-2 in response to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies was significantly reduced in P. falciparum-positive children as compared to -negative children, suggesting a state of unresponsiveness. These data suggest that the quality of T cell immune responses is heterogeneous among asymptomatic children living in the endemic region of P. falciparum, and that the responses are generally suppressed by active infection with Plasmodium parasites.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1055号 学位授与年月日:平成30年3月20日Author: Caroline Kijogi, Daisuke Kimura, Lam Quoc Bao, Risa Nakamura, Evans Asena Chadeka, Ngetich Benard Cheruiyot, Felix Bahati, Kazuhide Yahata, Osamu Kaneko, Sammy M. Njenga, Yoshio Ichinose, Shinjiro Hamano, Katsuyuki YuiCitation: Parasitology International, 67(3), pp.284-293; 2018Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2018-03-20)doctoral thesi
Database indexing study information, intervention description, and reported and calculated statistics for all studies included in analyses.
No full textDatabase indexing study information, intervention description, and reported and calculated statistics for all studies included in analyses.</p
Effect of interventions on the utilization of clinical diagnostic and laboratory tests/cultures and intravenous to oral conversion rates.
No full text*Indicates significance <0.05. **Indicates significance <0.001. Abbreviations: AST- antimicrobial susceptibility testing, IV- intravenous, PO- per os (by mouth/oral).</p
Final quality assessment scores for all studies that met the inclusion criteria.
No full textFinal quality assessment scores for all studies that met the inclusion criteria.</p
Information asymmetry in the Kenyan medical laboratory sector
No full textThe data were collected to determine whether patients had access to laboratory testing information including test test prices, turnaround time (TAT) and quality. We targeted patients seeking laboratory tests in two public hospitals in Nairobi. Some of the variables collected include the sociodemographic characteristics, test ordered by the clinician, availability of the test, test price and the TAT. The hospital-based survey was conducted between May and June 2019 using a semi-structured questionnaire developed in REDCap. In the second data set, we used a mystery caller approach to investigate test prices among clinical laboratories in Nairobi
Effect of interventions on the proportion of isolates/infections resistant to various antimicrobials.
No full text*Indicates significance <0.05. **Indicates significance <0.001. Antimicrobial Abbreviations: AMK- amikacin, AMX- amoxicillin, AMC- amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AMP- ampicillin, CARB- carbapenems, CTX- cefotaxime, CIP- ciprofloxacin, FOF- Fosfomycin, IPM- imipenem, LVX- levofloxacin, MDR- multi-drug resistant, MEM- meropenem, MET- methicillin, NIT- nitrofurantoin, TZP- piperacillin-tazobactam, SXT- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 3G-CEPH- third-generation cephalosporins.</p
Effect of interventions on antimicrobial use (proportion of patients receiving antimicrobials).
No full text*Indicates significance <0.05. **Indicates significance <0.001. Antimicrobial abbreviations: AMK- amikacin, AMX- amoxicillin, AMC- amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AMP- ampicillin, CARB- carbapenems, CTX- cefotaxime, CIP- ciprofloxacin, FOF- Fosfomycin, IPM- imipenem, LVX- levofloxacin, MDR- multi-drug resistant, MEM- meropenem, MET- methicillin, NIT- nitrofurantoin, TZP- piperacillin-tazobactam, SXT- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 3G-CEPH- third-generation cephalosporins. Other abbreviations: HCAP- healthcare associated pneumonia, IV- intravenous, CAP- community-acquired pneumonia, ICU- intensive care unit, IAI- intraabdominal infection, UTI- urinary tract infection, SSTI- skin or soft tissue infection.</p
Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey on antimicrobial resistance and stewardship among pharmacy healthcare workers in 28 African countries
No full textIntroduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health problem disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Inappropriate antimicrobial prescription and use exacerbate AMR. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among pharmacy healthcare workers involved in antimicrobial dispensing across 28 African countries.Methods An online survey was distributed to collect data on KAP from HCWs who dispense antimicrobials in African countries. Responses were scored, and a 70% cut-off mark was used to differentiate between good and poor KAP. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with good or poor KAPs.Results A total of 2567 responses (40%) were received, of which 908 were from pharmacy HCWs who dispensed antibiotics in 28 countries. Of the 908 eligible respondents, 71.3% had good knowledge of AMR and AMS, 59.9% displayed good attitudes towards the burden of AMR and appropriate prescription of antimicrobials and 41.6% displayed good practices related to AMS. Patient demands and influence from pharmaceutical companies were among the factors that influenced the dispensing of antibiotics. In multivariable logistic regression, licensed pharmacists were more likely to have good knowledge of AMR than pharmacy technicians (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.78; 95% CI 1.64 to 1.93). Male dispensers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards AMR than female dispensers (aOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.94). Moreover, dispensers affiliated with public health facilities demonstrated better AMR practices than those affiliated with private facilities. Overall, good AMR knowledge status was significantly associated with positive attitudes (χ²=97.1, p<0.001) and practices (χ²=6.5, p<0.05) of AMR.Conclusion This study revealed limited understanding of AMR among dispensers without formal pharmaceutical training and a positive association between good knowledge and positive attitudes and practices. The findings underscore the importance of providing workplace educational materials on AMR and AMS to build capacity in healthcare institutions and promote proper antibiotic dispensing
